Project description:BACKGROUND:Historical changes in the nature of sedentary activities have been observed in other countries, but it is not clear if similar trends exist in Canada. It is also unclear how changes in the measurement of sedentary behaviour affects national estimates. Our objective is to document all sources and measures of sedentary behaviour from Canadian, nationally representative surveys, and report on selected estimates of time spent in sedentary activities. Lessons learned can benefit the wider international surveillance community. METHODS:We describe and document all data sources of sedentary behaviour at the national level in Canada, and report on selected prevalence data from repeated cross-sectional surveys. We summarize amounts of total device-assessed sedentary time and self-reported sedentary activities (e.g., passive travel, leisure television, computer, video games, screen, and reading) by age group over time. RESULTS:Nineteen national surveys were identified. Changes in questions and/or response categories precluded direct assessment of trends over time for some measures; however, certain trends were observed. Accelerometer-measured sedentary time, leisure reading (among those < 50 years) and television/video viewing in younger age groups have remained relatively stable (with a possible slight decline in television/video viewing). Time spent in passive travel and leisure computer and electronic device use appears to have increased. Television and video viewing appears to have increased in older adults while their leisure reading appears to have fallen. CONCLUSIONS:Changes in measurement of sedentary behaviour can affect estimates and reduce comparability over time. Total leisure screen use appears to have increased over time, reflecting the ways in which Canadians spend their free time and technological advances. The main public health message is the need for continued efforts to reduce leisure screen use, especially among youth and older adults.

Project description:Introduction: Peri-operative window trials, using molecular biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for treatment response, offer investigators a uniqueopportunity to obtain intact tumor samples at 2 different time-points and thus evaluate potential biomarkers over a short period of time. Here we report results of a pilot trial designed to determine if treatment-mediated changes in gene expression can be detected after a 10-day exposure to anastrozole in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer compared to untreated controls. Methods: Paired tumor samples (biopsy and surgical) were obtained from 26 postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer. Patients were assigned anastrozole (1mg/dy) for 10 days immediately prior to surgery (13 cases) or no treatment (13 controls). 502 cancer-related genes were examined by the DASL FFPE-based cDNA array (moderated t-test, p ≤ .005). Surrogate biomarkers reflecting changes in gene expression were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Wilcoxon rank-based test, p < .05). Results: Sufficient RNA was available from 19 paired samples (8 controls, 11 cases). There was no difference in age, tumor size, grade, or baseline biomarker expression between groups. Within each group, 18 genes, reflecting roles in proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis showed differential expression over time from biopsy to surgery (p < 0.005). Dysregulation of estrogen-related genes was present only in the treated group. Comparison between groups identified 5 genes that were significantly dysregulated between controls and treated cases (BAG1/ING1/ERBB4/IFNGR1/TFDP1). Reduction in Ki-67 index was observed in 7 (54%) treated cases in 1 (7.7%) control patient. Conclusions: Short-term (10-day) exposure to anastrozole resulted in significant dysregulation of 18 out of 502 cancer-related genes, and Ki-67 was reduced in 54% of cases. However, the local effects of wound healing may represent a confounding factor in the interpretation of peri-operative window trials as exposed by the changes in gene expression and the increased Ki-67 index in the control group. Prospective, paired tumor samples (biopsy and surgical) were obtained from 26 postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer. Patients were assigned anastrozole (1mg/dy) for 10 days immediately prior to surgery (13 cases) or no treatment (13 controls). 502 cancer-related genes were examined by the DASL FFPE-based cDNA array. Sufficient RNA for gene expression analysis was obtained from 19/26 (73%) FFPE paired (biopsy and surgery) samples (8 controls, 11 anastrozole-treated patients

Project description:Introduction: Peri-operative window trials, using molecular biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for treatment response, offer investigators a uniqueopportunity to obtain intact tumor samples at 2 different time-points and thus evaluate potential biomarkers over a short period of time. Here we report results of a pilot trial designed to determine if treatment-mediated changes in gene expression can be detected after a 10-day exposure to anastrozole in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer compared to untreated controls. Methods: Paired tumor samples (biopsy and surgical) were obtained from 26 postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer. Patients were assigned anastrozole (1mg/dy) for 10 days immediately prior to surgery (13 cases) or no treatment (13 controls). 502 cancer-related genes were examined by the DASL FFPE-based cDNA array (moderated t-test, p ≤ .005). Surrogate biomarkers reflecting changes in gene expression were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Wilcoxon rank-based test, p < .05). Results: Sufficient RNA was available from 19 paired samples (8 controls, 11 cases). There was no difference in age, tumor size, grade, or baseline biomarker expression between groups. Within each group, 18 genes, reflecting roles in proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis showed differential expression over time from biopsy to surgery (p < 0.005). Dysregulation of estrogen-related genes was present only in the treated group. Comparison between groups identified 5 genes that were significantly dysregulated between controls and treated cases (BAG1/ING1/ERBB4/IFNGR1/TFDP1). Reduction in Ki-67 index was observed in 7 (54%) treated cases in 1 (7.7%) control patient. Conclusions: Short-term (10-day) exposure to anastrozole resulted in significant dysregulation of 18 out of 502 cancer-related genes, and Ki-67 was reduced in 54% of cases. However, the local effects of wound healing may represent a confounding factor in the interpretation of peri-operative window trials as exposed by the changes in gene expression and the increased Ki-67 index in the control group.

Dataset Information

Enhancing gonorrhea surveillance in China by testing females in gynecology clinics: Lessons learned from a pilot survey.

Publications

Enhancing gonorrhea surveillance in China by testing females in gynecology clinics: Lessons learned from a pilot survey.

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