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Longitudinal Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae During the First Year of Life in a Healthy Newborn Cohort.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to characterize longitudinal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae during the first year of life within a community newborn infant cohort, and assess the relationship between antibiotic exposure and colonization with antibiotic-resistant organisms. METHODS:During April 2013-February 2014, 326 infants were enrolled from an urban academic hospital well-baby nursery. At ages 4, 8, and 12 months, we collected antibiotic data, other exposure data, and nasopharyngeal cultures for pneumococcal isolation. RESULTS:Follow-up visits were completed for 211, 158, and 144 infants at ages 4, 8, and 12 months, respectively. By 12 months, 33% of infants attending the visits had ever been exposed to antibiotics, 67% if exposures to maternal antibiotics at birth are included. Pneumococci were isolated at 38/839 (4.5%) visits from 38 infants, including one 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype (6A). There were 1 (0.3%), 15 (7%), 7 (4%), and 15 (10%) infants who were colonized at 0-, 4-, 8-, and 12-month visits, respectively. By age 12 months, at least 35 (11%) infants had ever been colonized. Sixteen isolates (42%) exhibited nonsusceptibility to at least 1 antibiotic. Infants with recent antibiotic exposure were not more likely to be colonized or to harbor nonsusceptible organisms. CONCLUSIONS:Within a hospital birth cohort followed in the community, pneumococcal colonization and related antibiotic resistance were lower than previously reported, likely associated with PCV13 use. Antibiotic exposure was not associated with subsequent colonization with resistant isolates. The influence of other environmental factors needs further study.

SUBMITTER: Meropol SB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7495909 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Longitudinal Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae During the First Year of Life in a Healthy Newborn Cohort.

Meropol Sharon B SB Jacobs Michael R MR Stange Kurt C KC Bajaksouzian Saralee S Bonomo Robert A RA

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 20200901 4

<h4>Background</h4>The objective of this study was to characterize longitudinal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae during the first year of life within a community newborn infant cohort, and assess the relationship between antibiotic exposure and colonization with antibiotic-resistant organisms.<h4>Methods</h4>During April 2013-February 2014, 326 infants were enrolled from an urban academic hospital well-baby nursery. At ages 4, 8, and 12 months, we collected antibiotic data, other expos ...[more]

PMID: 31670814

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Project description:Pneumococcal pneumonia has decreased significantly since the implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), nevertheless, in many developing countries pneumonia mortality in infants remains high. We have undertaken a study of the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome during the first year of life in infants from The Philippines and South Africa. The study entailed the determination of the Streptococcus sp. carriage using a lytA qPCR assay, whole metagenomic sequencing, and in silico serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as 16S rRNA amplicon based community profiling. The lytA carriage in both populations increased with infant age and lytA+ samples ranged from 24 to 85% of the samples at each sampling time point. We next developed informatic tools for determining Streptococcus community composition and pneumococcal serotype from metagenomic sequences derived from a subset of longitudinal lytA-positive Streptococcus enrichment cultures from The Philippines (n = 26 infants, 50% vaccinated) and South African (n = 7 infants, 100% vaccinated). NP samples from infants were passaged in enrichment media, and metagenomic DNA was purified and sequenced. In silico capsular serotyping of these 51 metagenomic assemblies assigned known serotypes in 28 samples, and the co-occurrence of serotypes in 5 samples. Eighteen samples were not typeable using known serotypes but did encode for capsule biosynthetic cluster genes similar to non-encapsulated reference sequences. In addition, we performed metagenomic assembly and 16S rRNA amplicon profiling to understand co-colonization dynamics of Streptococcus sp. and other NP genera, revealing the presence of multiple Streptococcus species as well as potential respiratory pathogens in healthy infants. A range of virulence and drug resistant elements were identified as circulating in the NP microbiomes of these infants. This study revealed the frequent co-occurrence of multiple S. pneumoniae strains along with Streptococcus sp. and other potential pathogens such as S. aureus in the NP microbiome of these infants. In addition, the in silico serotype analysis proved powerful in determining the serotypes in S. pneumoniae carriage, and may lead to developing better targeted vaccines to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in these countries. These findings suggest that NP colonization by S. pneumoniae during the first years of life is a dynamic process involving multiple serotypes and species.

Project description:Initial colonization of human gut by bacteria is an important step in controlling its microbiota and health status. This study followed the initial colonization by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in colon of new born babies through following its occurrence in their stool at first week of their life. The LAB occurrence in the neonates' stool was followed on MRS agar medium. The isolated LAB from male and female newborn babies of normal birth and cesarean section surgical delivery were molecular biologically identified by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence. From the 24 investigated newborn babies, three LAB taxa, Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus, were detected in their stool at first week of their life. Lactobacillaceae represented 20.8% of total colonized LAB in newborn babies in the culture-dependent approach used in this study and included three species namely Limosilactobacillus reuteri (previously known as Lactobacillus reuteri), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (previously known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and Ligilactobacillus agilis (previously known as Lactobacillus agilis). Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium were detected where E. faecalis was the highest dominant, representing 62.5% of total LAB colonizing newborn babies. This result suggests that this bacterium has high potency for colonization and might be important for controlling the initial settlement of microbiota in healthy newborn babies. Only one species of Streptococcus namely Streptococcus agalactiae was detected in 8.33% total of the investigated newborn babies indicating high competency by other LAB for colonization and that this bacteria, in spite of its pathogenicity, is commensal in its low existence in healthy babies. The explored potency of natural initial colonization of the LAB species E. faecalis, E. faecium, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, and L. agilis of which many health beneficial strains were previously reported, would be important for future applications. Despite the controversy in evaluating its health benefits, E. faecalis as a potent competitor to other LAB refers to its importance in initial colonization of healthy babies colon at first week of their life. Further future studies, with more number of samples and characterization, would be of importance for evaluating the potential use of beneficial Enterococcus strains which could improve intestinal ecosystem.

Dataset Information

Longitudinal Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae During the First Year of Life in a Healthy Newborn Cohort.

Publications

Longitudinal Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae During the First Year of Life in a Healthy Newborn Cohort.

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