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Changing epidemiology of nephrotic syndrome in Nigerian children: A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Recent reports from small studies in West Africa suggest that Black children may have high rate of steroid sensitivity nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) contrary to long held knowledge. Herein, we determined the proportion of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) who achieved complete remission with steroid therapy and identified factors associated with complete remission. METHODS:We reviewed the medical records of 241 children with INS in two centres in Lagos from 2010 to 2019. We extracted demographic data, clinical features, laboratory values at the time of diagnosis, and receipt and response to steroids and other immunosuppressants. RESULTS:The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis of INS was 5.1 (3.0-8.7) years and boys were 60.2% of the study population. Children with SSNS made up 85.9% (n = 207) of the study cohort. Among those aged 0-5 years, 92.6%were SSNS compared with 69.2% in those aged 11-17 years at the time of diagnosis. In addition, the proportion of children with SSNS increased from 73.8% between year 2010 and 2012 to 88.4% afterwards. Also, children with SSNS had lower serum creatinine (0.44 vs 0.70; p<0.001) and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (101 vs 74.3 ml/min/1.73 m2; p = 0.008) at the time of diagnosis than those with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). CONCLUSION:Among Black children in Lagos, the proportion with SSNS is comparable to proportions described in children of Asian and European descent. Furthermore, children with SSNS had lower serum creatinine and higher glomerular filtration rate than those with SRNS.

SUBMITTER: Esezobor CI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7505420 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changing epidemiology of nephrotic syndrome in Nigerian children: A cross-sectional study.

Esezobor Christopher I CI Solarin Adaobi U AU Gbadegesin Rasheed R

PloS one 20200921 9

<h4>Background</h4>Recent reports from small studies in West Africa suggest that Black children may have high rate of steroid sensitivity nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) contrary to long held knowledge. Herein, we determined the proportion of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) who achieved complete remission with steroid therapy and identified factors associated with complete remission.<h4>Methods</h4>We reviewed the medical records of 241 children with INS in two centres in Lagos from ...[more]

PMID: 32956418

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Project description:BackgroundNephrotic syndrome is one of the chronic illnesses in the pediatric age group. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health of patients with steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (iNS).MethodsA case-control study was performed on iNS patients and healthy from May 2018 to April 2019. Dental caries was assessed by the World Health Organization criteria, developmental defects of enamel by the mDDE index, oral hygiene by the OHI-S and API, and gingival condition by the GI. Oral health behavior was recorded using a standardized questionnaire including tooth brushing, fluoride prevention, dietary habits and utilization of dental care. Additionally, Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus spp. (LB) bacteria in saliva were assessed using the CRT bacteria test. Statistical analysis comparing oral health parameters was carried by Pearson's chi-squared, Fisher's exact, Shapiro-Wilk verified by Student's t or Mann-Whitney U tests.ResultsThe study included 94 participants of both sexes at the age of 4 to 17 years (47 cases and 47 controls) who were treated in Clinic of Pediatric Nephrology or outpatients' dental clinic in Wroclaw, Poland. The iNS patients compared to the controls revealed some lower caries experience (83.0% vs 95.7%) and number of caries affected primary and/or permanent teeth (4.6 ± 3.5 vs 6.0 ± 4.1), a significantly lower number of filled primary and/or permanent teeth (1.1 ± 1.6 vs 3.5 ± 3.0, P < 0.001) and higher incidence of enamel hypoplasia (31.9% vs 4.3%, P < 0.001). The numbers of the iNS patients with high level of SM and LB were similar to the controls. The iNS patients had a higher OHI-S score (1.89 ± 1.59 vs 1.05 ± 1.02, P < 0.010) and a higher GI score (0.7 ± 1.0 vs 0.3 ± 0.6, P = 0.050). Moreover, they less frequently brushed their teeth twice a day (78.8% vs 93.6%, P = 0.026) and more frequently consumed three or more snacks daily (53.2% vs 23.4%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe iNS patients despite the poor oral hygiene revealed lower caries experience but smaller number of restored caries-affected teeth, more severe gingivitis and more frequently teeth affected by enamel hypoplasia.

Project description:Background:Childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS) follows a chronic course in most children. However, little is known about the psychosocial burden of NS on the caregivers despite evidence that caregiver burden or impairment in their well-being may alter the outcome of chronic childhood illnesses. Objectives:To determine the frequency and predictors of significant caregiver burden and psychological distress among caregivers of children with NS. Design:A cross-sectional study. Setting:Two pediatric nephrology clinics in Lagos, Nigeria. Patients:We included primary caregivers of children with idiopathic NS for at least 6 months. Measurements:The primary outcomes were psychological distress and significant caregiver burden among caregivers. Methods:We interviewed caregivers using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the 6-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-6). The GHQ-12 scores ? 3 and ZBI-6 scores ? 6 indicated psychological distress and significant caregiver burden, respectively. Results:The caregivers were mostly mothers (77.9%) and married (92.4%), whereas the children (n = 172) were mainly male (65.1%). Most of the children (n = 152; 88.4%) had steroid-sensitive NS including 24 (14%) children with frequent relapses or steroid dependence and 20 (11.6%) with steroid-resistant NS. Of the 172 caregivers, 53 (30.8%) and 30 (17.4%) reported psychological distress and significant burden, respectively. Caregivers of children in relapse had adjusted an odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.45 (1.05-5.67) and 3.30 (1.22-8.92) of psychological distress and significant caregiver burden, respectively. Furthermore, caregivers of male children and those who needed help paying for health care had an aOR of 4.61 (1.34-15.68) and 3.06 (1.06-8.87) of significant caregiver burden, respectively. Limitations:The study was limited by its cross-sectional design and the use of generic rather than disease-specific instruments. Conclusion:One in every 6 caregivers of children with idiopathic NS reported significant caregiver burden, and it was associated with psychological distress. Our findings underscore the need for psychosocial support for caregivers of children with NS, especially those with identifiable vulnerability.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and infantile nephrotic syndrome (INS) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. In Japan, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics of CNS and INS. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of CNS and INS in Japan. METHODS:This cross-sectional nationwide survey obtained data from 44 institutions in Japan managing 92 patients with CNS or INS, by means of two survey questionnaires sent by postal mail. Patients aged <?16?years by 1 April 2015, with a diagnosis of CNS or INS, were included in this study. The primary outcome was end-stage kidney disease. RESULTS:A total of 83 patients with CNS or INS were analyzed. The most frequent disease type was non-Finnish (60.2%); 33 patients (39.8%) had Finnish type. Among those with non-Finnish-type disease, 26 had no syndrome and 24 had a syndrome, of which the most frequent was Denys-Drash syndrome (70.8%). Patients with non-Finnish-type disease with syndrome showed the earliest progression to end-stage kidney disease compared with the other two groups, whereas patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome progressed more slowly compared with the other two groups. In the Finnish-type group, the disease was diagnosed the earliest; a large placenta was reported more frequently; genetic testing was more frequently performed (93.8%); mental retardation was the most frequent extra-renal symptom (21.2%); and thrombosis and infection were more frequent compared with the other groups. Patients with non-Finnish-type disease with syndrome had a higher frequency of positive extra-renal symptoms (79.2%), the most common being urogenital symptoms (54.2%). Treatment with steroids and immunosuppressants was more frequent among patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome. Two patients with non-Finnish-type disease without syndrome achieved complete remission. In all groups, unilateral nephrectomy was performed more often than bilateral nephrectomy and peritoneal dialysis was the most common renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS:The present epidemiological survey sheds light on the characteristics of children with CNS and INS in Japan. A high proportion of patients underwent genetic examination, and patient management was in accord with current treatment recommendations and practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Not applicable.

Project description:BackgroundStudies in the USA report differences in opinion among parents of different ethnic groups toward genetic testing for their child; however, there are no studies that address this issue in the diverse ethnic and immigrant population in Canada.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine whether ethnicity and immigration status influences parental interest in clinical genetic testing for a potentially progressive kidney disease.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants were recruited from the Greater Toronto Area, Canada.ParticipantsThe study included 320 parents of children ages 1-18 years with nephrotic syndrome enrolled in the Insight into Nephrotic Syndrome: Investigating Genes, Health and Therapeutics (INSIGHT) observational cohort study.MeasurementsDemographic, ethnicity, immigration, and child specific factors as well as interest in genetic testing were collected through self-reported questionnaires administered at baseline study visit.MethodsLogistic regression models were used to examine association of ethnicity and immigration status with interest in genetic testing.ResultsThe majority of parents (85 %) were interested in genetic testing for their child. South Asian and East/Southeast Asian parents had 74 and 76 % lower odds of agreeing to genetic testing when compared to Europeans (odds ratio (OR) 0.26, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.68; OR 0.24, 95 % CI 0.07-0.79, respectively) after controlling for age and sex of child, age and education level of parent, initial steroid resistance, and duration of time in Canada. Immigrants to Canada also had significantly lower odds (OR 0.29, 95 % CI 0.12-0.72) of agreeing to genetic testing after similar adjustment. Higher education level was not associated with greater interest in genetic testing (OR 1.24, 95 % CI 0.64-2.42).LimitationsParticipants have already agreed to aggregate genetic testing for research purposes as part of enrolment in INSIGHT study.ConclusionWhile majority of parents were interested in genetic testing for their child, immigrants, particularly South Asians and East/Southeast Asians, were more likely to decline genetic testing. Genetic counseling needs to be tailored to address specific concerns in these parental groups to maximize informed decision-making in the clinical setting.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01605266.

Dataset Information

Changing epidemiology of nephrotic syndrome in Nigerian children: A cross-sectional study.

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Changing epidemiology of nephrotic syndrome in Nigerian children: A cross-sectional study.

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