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Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f., a Chinese folk medicinal plant.

ABSTRACT: Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with tuber as medicine. We report herein the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. It has a length of 159,491 bp, which contained a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,778 bp and a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,139 bp, separated by two copies of an inverted repeat (IR) of 26,787 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 114 unique genes, including 80 PCG, 30 tRNA, and 4 rRNA genes. In addition, 18 genes contained one or two introns, which of those including 10 PCG genes possess a single intron, and 2 PCG genes harbor two introns; and 6 tRNA genes harbor a single intron. In this study, Bletilla stariata is sister to Bletilla formosana and clustered within the group consisting of the species that belong to Orchiidaceae.

SUBMITTER: Cai Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7510607 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundInfluenza represents a serious public health concern. The emergence of resistance to anti-influenza drugs underlines the need to develop new drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-influenza viral activity and possible mechanisms of 12 phenanthrenes from the medicinal plant Bletilla striata (Orchidaceae family).MethodsTwelve phenanthrenes were isolated and identified from B. striata. Influenza virus A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) propagated in embryonated chicken eggs was used. Phenanthrenes mixed with the virus were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h and then inoculated into 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs via the allantoic route to survey the antiviral activity in vivo. A (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS)-based assay was performed to evaluate the reduction of cytopathic effect induced by H3N2 on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to study the blockage of virus receptors by the phenanthrenes, and the neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay to evaluate the effects of the release of virus. The synthesis of influenza viral matrix protein mRNA in response to compound treatment was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThis study showed that phenanthrenes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 significantly inhibited the viruses in vivo, with inhibition rates of 20.7, 79.3, 17.2, 34.5, 34.5, 34.5, 44.8, 75.9, and 34.5%, respectively. In MDCK models, the phenanthrenes did not show significant antiviral activity when administered as pretreatment, while phenanthrenes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 10, and 11 exhibited inhibitory activities as simultaneous treatment with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) ranging from 14.6 ± 2.4 to 43.3 ± 5.3 μM. The IC50 ranged from 18.4 ± 3.1 to 42.3 ± 3.9 μM in the post-treatment assays. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, and 11 exhibited an inhibitory effect on NA; and compounds 2, 3, 4 6, 7, 10, and 11 resulted in the reduced transcription of virus matrix protein mRNA. However, no compound could inhibit hemagglutination by the influenza virus.ConclusionPhenanthrenes from B. striata had strong anti-influenza viral activity in both embryonated eggs and MDCK models, and diphenanthrenes seemed to have stronger inhibition activity compared with monophenanthrenes.

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Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f., a Chinese folk medicinal plant.

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