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Updated Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Other Weak Atmospheric Absorbers

ABSTRACT: Abstract Human activity has led to increased atmospheric concentrations of many gases, including halocarbons, and may lead to emissions of many more gases. Many of these gases are, on a per molecule basis, powerful greenhouse gases, although at present?day concentrations their climate effect is in the so?called weak limit (i.e., their effect scales linearly with concentration). We published a comprehensive review of the radiative efficiencies (RE) and global warming potentials (GWP) for around 200 such compounds in 2013 (Hodnebrog et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/rog.20013). Here we present updated RE and GWP values for compounds where experimental infrared absorption spectra are available. Updated numbers are based on a revised “Pinnock curve”, which gives RE as a function of wave number, and now also accounts for stratospheric temperature adjustment (Shine & Myhre, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001951). Further updates include the implementation of around 500 absorption spectra additional to those in the 2013 review and new atmospheric lifetimes from the literature (mainly from WMO (2019)). In total, values for 60 of the compounds previously assessed are based on additional absorption spectra, and 42 compounds have REs which differ by >10% from our previous assessment. New RE calculations are presented for more than 400 compounds in addition to the previously assessed compounds, and GWP calculations are presented for a total of around 250 compounds. Present?day radiative forcing due to halocarbons and other weak absorbers is 0.38 [0.33–0.43] W m?2, compared to 0.36 [0.32–0.40] W m?2 in IPCC AR5 (Myhre et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.018), which is about 18% of the current CO2 forcing. Key Points Radiative efficiencies are reassessed for more than 600 compounds and global warming potentials calculated for around 250 of these Forty?two compounds have >10% different radiative efficiency compared to a comprehensive review in 2013 Present?day radiative forcing due to halocarbons and other weak absorbers is 0.38 [0.33–0.43] W m?2, which is ~18% of the CO2 forcing

SUBMITTER: Hodnebrog Ø

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7518032 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Abstract Data assimilation techniques are becoming increasingly popular for climate reconstruction. They benefit from estimating past climate states from both observation information and from model simulations. The first monthly global paleo‐reanalysis (EKF400) was generated over the 1600 and 2005 time period, and it provides estimates of several atmospheric fields. Here we present a new, considerably improved version of EKF400 (EKF400v2). EKF400v2 uses atmospheric‐only general circulation model simulations with a greatly extended observational network of early instrumental temperature and pressure data, documentary evidences and tree‐ring width and density proxy records. Furthermore, new observation types such as monthly precipitation amounts, number of wet days and coral proxy records were also included in the assimilation. In the version 2 system, the assimilation process has undergone methodological improvements such as the background‐error covariance matrix is estimated with a blending technique of a time‐dependent and a climatological covariance matrices. In general, the applied modifications resulted in enhanced reconstruction skill compared to version 1, especially in precipitation, sea‐level pressure and other variables beside the mostly assimilated temperature data, which already had high quality in the previous version. Additionally, two case studies are presented to demonstrate the applicability of EKF400v2 to analyse past climate variations and extreme events, as well as to investigate large‐scale climate dynamics. This paper presents the EKF400v2 global monthly paleo‐reanalysis, generated with a paleoclimate data assimilation method, covering the last 400 years. The paleo‐reanalysis provides several climate fields such as temperature, precipitation and sea‐level pressure. We compare EKF400v2 to a previous version, describe the extended observational network, the model simulations and highlight the applied modifications to the assimilation system. The paleo‐reanalysis is evaluated in the 20th century, and two case studies demonstrate the usage of the dataset to investigate past climate variability.

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Updated Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Other Weak Atmospheric Absorbers

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