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Considering gut microbiota in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT: Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have revealed a role for gut microbiota dysbiosis in driving this disease. This suggests the possibility that approaches to restore a healthy host-microbiota relationship might be a means of ameliorating T2D. Indeed, recent studies indicate that many currently used treatments for T2D are reported to impact gut microbiota composition. Such changes in gut microbiota may mediate and/or reflect the efficacy of these interventions. This article outlines the rationale for considering the microbiota as a central determent of development of T2D and, moreover, reviews evidence that impacting microbiota might be germane to amelioration of T2D, both in terms of understanding mechanisms that mediate efficacy of exiting T2D therapies and in developing novel treatments for this disorder.

SUBMITTER: Adeshirlarijaney A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7524291 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Considering gut microbiota in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adeshirlarijaney Aneseh A Gewirtz Andrew T AT

Gut microbes 20200131 3

Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have revealed a role for gut microbiota dysbiosis in driving this disease. This suggests the possibility that approaches to restore a healthy host-microbiota relationship might be a means of ameliorating T2D. Indeed, recent studies indicate that many currently used treatments for T2D are reported to impact gut microbiota composition. Such changes in gut microbiota may mediate and/or reflect the efficacy of these ...[more]

PMID: 32005089

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Project description:BackgroundGut microbiota dysbiosis is reportedly actively involved in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the alterations in the gut microbiota and their correlation with fasting blood glucose (FBG) in Chinese children with T1DM remain unclear.AimTo investigate alterations in the gut microbiota in Chinese children with T1DM and their associations with clinical indicators.MethodsSamples from 51 children with T1DM and 47 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls were obtained, to explore the structural and functional alterations in the fecal microbiota. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced on a MiSeq instrument, and the association with FBG were analyzed.ResultsWe found that the bacterial diversity was significantly increased in the T1DM-associated fecal microbiota, and changes in the microbial composition were observed at different taxonomic levels. The T1DM-reduced differential taxa, such as Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC8482, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, and Flavonifractor plautii, were negatively correlated with FBG, while the T1DM-enriched taxa, such as Blautia, Eubacterium hallii group, Anaerostipes hadrus, and Dorea longicatena, were positively correlated with FBG. Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC8482, Bacteroides ovatus, the Eubacterium hallii group, and Anaerostipes hadrus, either alone or in combination, could be used as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers to discriminate children with T1DM from healthy controls. In addition, the functional changes in the T1DM-associated fecal microbiota also suggest that these fecal microbes were associated with altered functions and metabolic activities, such as glycan biosynthesis and metabolism and lipid metabolism, which might play vital roles in the pathogenesis and development of T1DM.ConclusionOur present comprehensive investigation of the T1DM-associated fecal microbiota provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and sheds light on the diagnosis and treatment of T1DM.

Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and gut microbiota in rats and to explore the potential mechanism involved.MethodsThirty-two SPF-grade SD rats were raised as donor rats, and divided into control, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, fasting blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L), and Non-T2DM (fasting blood glucose < 11.1 mmol/L) groups. Feces were collected and prepared as fecal bacteria supernatants Diab (fecal bacteria supernatant of T2DM group rats), Non (fecal bacteria supernatant of Non-T2DM group rats), and Con (fecal bacteria supernatant of control group rats). Another seventy-nine SPF-grade SD rats were separated into normal saline (NS) and antibiotics (ABX) groups and given normal saline and antibiotics solutions, respectively. In addition, the ABX group rats were randomly separated into ABX-ord (fed with a 4-week ordinary diet), ABX-fat (fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip), FMT-Diab (with transplanted fecal bacteria supernatant Diab and fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip), FMT-Non (with transplanted fecal bacteria supernatant Non and fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip), and FMT-Con (with transplanted fecal bacteria supernatant Con and fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip) groups. Furthermore, the NS group was randomly divided into NS-ord (fed with a 4-week ordinary diet) and NS-fat (fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip) groups. After this, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces were detected using gas chromatography, and the gut microbiota were detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR43 were detected by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsG__Ruminococcus_gnavus_group were more abundant in the FMT-Diab group compared to the ABX-fat and FMT-Non groups. The levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also higher in the FMT-Diab group compared to those of the ABX-fat group. Compared to the ABX-fat group, both the FMT-Diab and FMT-Non groups had higher contents of acetic and butyric acid, and the expression of GPR41/43 were significantly higher as well.ConclusionsG__Ruminococcus_gnavus_group might make rats more susceptible to T2DM; T2DM-susceptible flora transplantation increased the susceptibility to T2DM in rats. Additionally, gut microbiota-SCFAs-GPR41/43 may play a role in the development of T2DM. Lowering blood glucose by regulating gut microbiota may therefore become a new strategy for the treatment of T2DM in humans.

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Considering gut microbiota in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Considering gut microbiota in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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