Dataset Information

Circulating Concentrations of Essential Fatty Acids, Linoleic and ?-Linolenic Acid, in US Adults in 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 and the Relation with Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease: An NHANES Analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The increased use of high-oleic oils to replace trans fat has led to concern about declining intake of PUFA and the potential for essential fatty acid insufficiency or even deficiency.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine circulating concentrations of essential and poorly biosynthesized fatty acids, as biomarkers of dietary intake, in the NHANES data sets prior to (2003-2004 cycle) and following (2011-2012 cycle) legislation to reduce trans fat in the food supply and also to explore the associations between these fatty acids and markers of cardiometabolic health.

Methods

Fasting circulating concentrations of fatty acids from adults (aged ?20 y) in the 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 NHANES cycles were used for analysis. Dietary data from one day of both the 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 cycles were used to examine differences in dietary fatty acid intake between these cycles. Regression analyses were used to assess relations between circulating concentrations of fatty acids and cardiometabolic health.

Results

Between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012, circulating concentrations of linoleic acid (LA) increased (1.38%, P = 0.002); no difference in dietary intake was observed. ?-Linolenic acid (ALA), measured by dietary intake (0.14 g, P < 0.001) and circulating concentrations (0.23%, P < 0.01), increased from 2003-2004 to 2011-2012. Circulating LA was inversely associated with BMI (in kg/m²; regression coefficient per percentage point change in LA ± SE: -0.22 ± 0.04), waist circumference (-0.62 ± 0.09 cm), systolic blood pressure (-0.38 ± 0.09 mm Hg), triglycerides (-9.92 ± 0.63 mg/dL), glucose (-3.34 ± 0.13 mg/dL), insulin (-0.18 ± 0.05 µU/mL), and HOMA-IR (-0.29 ± 0.05).

Conclusions

In a nationally representative sample of US adults, no declines in circulating concentrations of essential fatty acids, LA and ALA, were observed between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012, a time when high-oleic oils were increasingly used in the food supply. Higher amounts of circulating LA were correlated with lower risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction, which underscores the importance of monitoring consumption in the United States.

SUBMITTER: Petersen KS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7524638 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Circulating Concentrations of Essential Fatty Acids, Linoleic and α-Linolenic Acid, in US Adults in 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 and the Relation with Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease: An NHANES Analysis.

Petersen Kristina S KS Sullivan Valerie K VK Fulgoni Victor L VL Eren Fulya F Cassens Martha E ME Bunczek Michael T MT Kris-Etherton Penny M PM

Current developments in nutrition 20200928 10

<h4>Background</h4>The increased use of high-oleic oils to replace <i>trans</i> fat has led to concern about declining intake of PUFA and the potential for essential fatty acid insufficiency or even deficiency.<h4>Objectives</h4>The aim of this study was to examine circulating concentrations of essential and poorly biosynthesized fatty acids, as biomarkers of dietary intake, in the NHANES data sets prior to (2003-2004 cycle) and following (2011-2012 cycle) legislation to reduce <i>trans</i> fat ...[more]

PMID: 33024926

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