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Edaphic factors and plants influence denitrification in soils from a long-term arable experiment

ABSTRACT: Factors influencing production of greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen (N2) in arable soils include high nitrate, moisture and plants; we investigate how differences in the soil microbiome due to antecedent soil treatment additionally influence denitrification. Microbial communities, denitrification gene abundance and gas production in soils from tilled arable plots with contrasting fertilizer inputs (no N, mineral N, FYM) and regenerated woodland in the long-term Broadbalk field experiment were investigated. Soil was transferred to pots, kept bare or planted with wheat and after 6 weeks, transferred to sealed chambers with or without K15NO3 fertilizer for 4 days; N2O and N2 were measured daily. Concentrations of N2O were higher when fertilizer was added, lower in the presence of plants, whilst N2 increased over time and with plants. Prior soil treatment but not exposure to N-fertiliser or plants during the experiment influenced denitrification gene (nirK, nirS, nosZI, nosZII) relative abundance. Under our experimental conditions, denitrification generated mostly N2; N2O was around 2% of total gaseous N2?+?N2O. Prior long-term soil management influenced the soil microbiome and abundance of denitrification genes. The production of N2O was driven by nitrate availability and N2 generation increased in the presence of plants.

SUBMITTER: Clark I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7524710 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Fungal denitrifiers play important roles in soil nitrogen cycling, but we have very limited knowledge about their distribution and functions in ecosystems. In this study, three types of arable soils were collected across different climate zones in China, including quaternary red clay soils, alluvial soils, and black soils. The composition and abundance of fungal nirK-containing denitrifiers was determined by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and qPCR, respectively. Furthermore, a substrate-induced inhibition approach was used to explore N2O emissions from fungal denitrification. The results showed that the arable soils contained a wide range of nirK-containing fungal denitrifiers, with four orders and eight genera. Additionally, approximately 57.30% of operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) belonged to unclassified nirK-containing fungi. Hypocreales was the most predominant order, with approximately 40.51% of the total number of OTUs, followed by Sordariales, Eurotiales, and Mucorales. It was further indicated that 53% of fungal nirK OTUs were shared by the three types of soils (common), and this group of fungi comprised about 98% of the total relative abundance of the nirK-containing population, indicating that the distribution of fungal nirK-containing denitrifiers was quite homogenous among the soil types. These common OTUs were determined by multiple soil characteristics, while the composition of unique OTUs was manipulated by the specific properties of each soil type. Furthermore, fungal N2O emissions were significantly and positively correlated with fungal nirK abundance in the soils, whereas it was not clearly related to fungal nirK compositions. In conclusion, although the arable soils hosted diverse nirK-containing fungal denitrifiers, fungal nirK compositions were highly homogenous among the soil types, which could be a consequence of enduring agricultural practices. The abundance of fungal nirK-containing denitrifiers, rather than their composition, may play more significant roles in relation to N2O emission from fungal denitrification.

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Edaphic factors and plants influence denitrification in soils from a long-term arable experiment

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