Dataset Information

Cellular Base of Mint Allelopathy: Menthone Affects Plant Microtubules.

ABSTRACT: Plants can use volatiles for remote suppression of competitors. Mints produce essential oils, which are known to affect the growth of other plants. We used a comparative approach to identify allelopathic compounds from different Mints (genus Mentha, but also including Cat Mint, Nepeta cataria, and Corean Mint, Agastache rugosa, belonging to sisters clades within the Mentheae) using the standard cress germination assay as readout. To understand the mechanism behind this allelopathic effect, we investigated the response of tobacco BY-2 cell lines, expressing GFP-tagged markers for microtubules and actin filaments to these essential oils. Based on the comparison between bioactivity and chemical components, we identified menthone as prime candidate for the allelopathic effect, and confirmed this bioactivity targeted to microtubules experimentally in both, plant cells (tobaccoBY-2), and seedlings (Arabidopsis thaliana). We could show that menthone disrupted microtubules and induced mortality linked with a rapid permeabilization (less than 15 min) of the plasma membrane. This mortality was elevated in a tubulin marker line, where microtubules are mildly stabilized. Our study paves the way for the development of novel bioherbicides that would be environmentally friendly.

SUBMITTER: Sarheed MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7524878 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cellular Base of Mint Allelopathy: Menthone Affects Plant Microtubules.

Sarheed Mohammed Mahmood MM Rajabi Fatemeh F Kunert Maritta M Boland Wilhelm W Wetters Sascha S Miadowitz Kai K Kaźmierczak Andrzej A Sahi Vaidurya Pratap VP Nick Peter P

Frontiers in plant science 20200916

Plants can use volatiles for remote suppression of competitors. Mints produce essential oils, which are known to affect the growth of other plants. We used a comparative approach to identify allelopathic compounds from different Mints (genus Mentha, but also including Cat Mint, Nepeta cataria, and Corean Mint, Agastache rugosa, belonging to sisters clades within the Mentheae) using the standard cress germination assay as readout. To understand the mechanism behind thi ...[more]

PMID: 33042176

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Project description:In plants, most competition is resource competition, where one plant simply preempts the resources away from its neighbors. Interference competition, as the name implies, is a form of direct interference to prevent resource access. Interference competition is common among animals that can physically fight, but in plants, one of the main mechanisms of interference competition is allelopathy. Allelopathic plants release cytotoxic chemicals into the environment which can increase their ability to compete with surrounding organisms for limited resources. The circumstances and conditions favoring the development and maintenance of allelochemicals, however, are not well understood. Particularly, despite the obvious benefits of allelopathy, current data suggest it seems to have only rarely evolved. To gain insight into the cost and benefit of allelopathy, we have developed a 2×2 matrix game to model the interaction between plants that produce allelochemicals and plants that do not. Production of an allelochemical introduces novel cost associated with both synthesis and detoxifying a toxic chemical but may also convey a competitive advantage. A plant that does not produce an allelochemical will suffer the cost of encountering one. Our model predicts three cases in which the evolutionarily stable strategies are different. In the first, the nonallelopathic plant is a stronger competitor, and not producing allelochemicals is the evolutionarily stable strategy. In the second, the allelopathic plant is the better competitor, and production of allelochemicals is the more beneficial strategy. In the last case, neither is the evolutionarily stable strategy. Instead, there are alternating stable states, depending on whether the allelopathic or nonallelopathic plant arrived first. The generated model reveals circumstances leading to the evolution of allelochemicals and sheds light on utilizing allelochemicals as part of weed management strategies. In particular, the wide region of alternative stable states in most parameterizations, combined with the fact that the absence of allelopathy is likely the ancestral state, provides an elegant answer to the question of why allelopathy seems to rarely evolve despite its obvious benefits. Allelopathic plants can indeed outcompete nonallelopathic plants, but this benefit is simply not great enough to allow them to go to fixation and spread through the population. Thus, most populations would remain purely nonallelopathic.

Dataset Information

Cellular Base of Mint Allelopathy: Menthone Affects Plant Microtubules.

Publications

Cellular Base of Mint Allelopathy: Menthone Affects Plant Microtubules.

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