Dataset Information

Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activities of 80% Methanol Root Extract of Acanthus polystachyus Delile (Acanthaceae) in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

ABSTRACT: Background The morbidity and mortality rate from diabetic mellitus are increasing in the world especially in low- and middle-income countries; hence, it is necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants to support existing drugs in treating diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of 80% methanol root extract of Acanthus polystachyus in normoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Methods Male albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6) in all three models. In all models, group one rats served as a negative control and were received vehicle (10mL/kg distilled water), whereas group two (APRE100), three (APRE200), and four (APRE400) were treated with 100, 200, and 400mg/kg of extract, respectively, and group five were treated with glibenclamide (5mg/kg) and served as a positive control. Blood glucose levels were measured at different time points by taking blood from their tails. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test to carry out comparisons between and within-group and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The root of Acanthus polystachyus reduces peak blood sugar levels significantly after the loading of oral glucose at all tested doses. In streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats, the daily oral administration of the crude extracts showed a significant reduction of blood glucose level at all tested doses compared to the negative control group. However, the extract did not reduce blood glucose levels in normoglycemic rats at all tested doses compared to both negative and positive control. Conclusion From this study, it can be concluded that the root extract of Acanthus polystachyus showed an antihyperglycemic effect in hyperglycemic and diabetic rats but lack hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats. Hence, the plant root may be a good candidate for the development of new antidiabetic drugs.

SUBMITTER: Derebe D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7526742 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Background Pain and inflammation are the major devastating health problems commonly treated with traditional medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Echinops kebericho M. (Asteraceae) is the one which is frequently used to treat pain and inflammation by traditional healers in Ethiopian folk medicine. However, the plant has not been scientifically evaluated for its traditionally claimed use. The present study aimed at the investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 80% methanol root extract of Echinops kebericho M. in mice model. Methods Successive maceration was used as a method of extraction using solvents of increasing polarity: methanol and water. After extraction of the roots with 80% hydro methanol, the crude extract was evaluated for its peripheral and central analgesic activities using acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate method, respectively, while its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw edema. The extract was evaluated at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. The positive control groups were treated with ASA 150 mg/kg for writhing test, morphine 10 mg/kg for hot plat method, indomethacin 25 mg/kg and diclofenac 10 mg/kg for paw edema tests and vehicle, distilled water (10 mL/kg) treated mice were assigned as negative controls. All treatment administrations were performed orally. Results E. kebericho extract at all test doses showed statistically significant antinociceptive activity in both chemicals-induced peripheral and thermal-induced central pain in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). The greater analgesic activity was observed by the maximum dose of the extract (400 mg/kg) in both acetic acids-induced writhing test (57.84%) and hot plate method (69.40%). The effect of the extract was also statistically significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) in both carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema in dose dependent manner. Greater edema inhibition was observed by the highest dose (400 mg/kg) in both observations with the respective percentage values of 70.00% and 79.87%, respectively. Conclusion In general, the data obtained from the present study elucidated that the extract possessed a significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and recommended for further studies.

Project description:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of leaf extract from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. on type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the active ingredients of this effect. In addition, this study determined, for the first time, the underlying molecular and pharmacological mechanisms of the extracts on hyperglycemia using long-term double high diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type II diabetic mice. In the present study, leaf extract, phloridzin and trilobatin were assessed in vivo (gavage) and in vitro (non-invasive micro-test technique, NMT) in experimental T2DM mice. The biochemical parameters were measured including blood glucose and blood lipid level, liver biochemical indexes, and hepatic glycogen. The relative expression of glycometabolism-related genes was detected. The effect of leaf extracts on physiological glucose flux in liver tissue from control and T2DM mice was also investigated. Body weight of experimental T2DM mice increased significantly after the first week, but stabilized over the subsequent three weeks; body weight of all other groups did not change during the four weeks' study. After four weeks, all treatment groups decreased blood glucose, and treatment with leaf extract had numerous positive effects: a) promoted in glucose uptake in liver, b) increased synthesis of liver glycogen, c) reduced oxidative stress, d) up-regulation of glucokinase (GK), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) expression in liver, e) down-regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P) expression, and f) ameliorated blood lipid levels. Both treatment with trilobatin or phloridzin accelerated liver glycogen synthesis, decreased oxidative stress and increased expression of GK. IRS and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were both up-regulated after treatment with trilobatin. Expression of GLUT2, PEPCK and G-6-P were also increased in liver tissue after treatment with phloridzin. Our data indicate that leaf extract from L. polystachyus Rehd. has a preferable hypoglycemic effects than trilobatin or phloridzin alone. Leaf extract significantly increased glucose uptake and hepatic glycogen synthesis while also inducing a decline of hepatic gluconeogenesis and oxidative stress in T2DM mice. From this study, we draw conclusions that L. polystachyus promoted glycogen synthesis in T2DM mice, and that the active compounds were not only the trilobatin or phloridzin.

Project description:BackgroundOtostegia integrifolia Benth. (Lamiaceae) leaves are used to treat hypertension in Ethiopian folk medicine. However, the claim has so far not been investigated scientifically. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of 80% methanol leaf extract of O. integrifolia in animal model of hypertension and possible underlying mechanisms in isolated rat aorta.MethodsAntihypertensive effect of various oral doses of the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) was determined in fructose-induced hypertensive rats using the non-invasive tail-cuff method. Thoracic aortic strips of rats were isolated and suspended in organ bath, and the vasodepressor effect as well as the possible mechanism (s) of action were studied by means of isometric tension recording experiments ex vivo. Phytochemical analysis was also performed to suggest possible constituents related to the activity.ResultsBlood pressure was significantly lowered in a dose-dependent manner following extract administration, suggesting that the extract possesses antihypertensive activity. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of aortic strip precontracted with KCl at a concentration of 6.25-125 μg/L, with a maximum relaxation (100%) achieved at a cumulative concentration of 318.75 μg/ml. The relaxation mechanism was found to be independent of muscarinic receptors, prostanoids, histamine receptors, ATP dependent K+ channels, sarcoplasmic reticulum stored Ca2+ and the endothelium system. The extract shifted the Ca2+ concentration-response curve to the right similar to that caused by nifedipine, suggesting that vasorelaxation could possibly be mediated via calcium channel blockade. The extract was found to contain phenolic compounds (164.3 mg/g, expressed as gallic acid equivalents) and flavonoids (125.7 mg/g, expressed as quercetin equivalents).ConclusionThe findings revealed that the plant is endowed with antihypertensive activity, providing evidence for its traditional use. The effect maybe, at least in part, due to dilation of blood vessels through blockade of Ca+ 2 channels mediated by phenolic and flavonoid constituents.

Project description:Background:Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel (Rosaceae) is distributed in the highlands of Ethiopia. The flowers of Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel are used traditionally to treat wound. However, there was no scientific report on wound healing activity of Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel. Thus, this study was initiated to investigate the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of 80% methanol crude extract of flowers of Hagenia abyssinica in mice. Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of 80% methanol crude flower extract of Hagenia abyssinica in mice. Methods:Air-dried flowers of Hagenia abyssinica were grounded and macerated three times successively by 80% methanol. The dried extract was fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. Phytochemical screening tests were performed according to established procedures. The crude extract and solvent fractions were formulated as ointments. Wound healing activity of the crude extract was evaluated using excision and incision wound models, and the wound healing activities of solvent fractions were evaluated by using the excision wound model. The anti-inflammatory activity of the 80% methanol extract of Hagenia abyssinica was evaluated using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice. Result:The 2000?mg/kg test dose of the 10% (w/w) crude extract ointment was safe in rats. Both the 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) crude extract ointment-treated groups showed significant wound contraction starting from the day 4th. Both 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) crude extract ointments showed significant (P < 0.001) increment of tensile strength compared to the negative control. The 10% (w/w) aqueous and ethyl acetate fraction ointment revealed high (P < 0.001) percentage of wound contraction. The 100?mg/kg, 200?mg/kg, and 400?mg/kg oral administration of the crude extract had significant inhibition of the paw edema in mice of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Conclusion:The results of this study evidenced that both 5%?w/w and 10%?w/w 80% methanol extract ointment of the flowers of Hagenia abyssinica have wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects.

Dataset Information

Hypoglycemic and Antihyperglycemic Activities of 80% Methanol Root Extract of Acanthus polystachyus Delile (Acanthaceae) in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets