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The changes of immune-related molecules within the ileal mucosa of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Enteritis is one of the most frequently reported symptoms in piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), but the immunopathogenesis has not been reported. OBJECTIVES:This study examined the effect of a PCV2 infection on the intestinal mucosal immune function through morphological observations and immune-related molecular detection. METHODS:Morphological changes within the ileum of piglets during a PCV2 infection were observed. The expression of the related-molecules was analyzed using a gene chip. The immunocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. The secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) content was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS:The PCV2 infection caused ileal villus damage, intestinal epithelial cells exfoliation, and an increase in lymphocytes in the lamina propria at 21 days post-infection. Differentially expressed genes occurred in the defense response, inflammatory response, and the complement and coagulation cascade reactions. Most of them were downregulated significantly at the induction site and upregulated at the effector site. The genes associated with SIgA production were downregulated significantly at the induction site. In contrast, the expression of the Toll-like receptor-related genes was upregulated significantly at the effector site. The frequencies of dendritic cells, B cells, and CD8?T cells were upregulated at the 2 sites. The SIgA content decreased significantly in the ileal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS:PCV2 infections can cause damage to the ileum that is associated with changes in immune-related gene expression, immune-related cell subsets, and SIgA production. These findings elucidated the molecular changes in the ileum after a PCV2 infection from the perspective of intestinal mucosal immunity, which provides insights into a further study for PCV2-induced enteritis.

SUBMITTER: Shi F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7533395 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The changes of immune-related molecules within the ileal mucosa of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2.

Shi Fengyang F Li Qiuming Q Zou Zhanming Z Wang Yang Y Hou Xiaolin X Zhang Yonghong Y Song Qinye Q Zhou Shuanghai S Li Huanrong H

Journal of veterinary science 20200901 5

<h4>Background</h4>Enteritis is one of the most frequently reported symptoms in piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), but the immunopathogenesis has not been reported.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study examined the effect of a PCV2 infection on the intestinal mucosal immune function through morphological observations and immune-related molecular detection.<h4>Methods</h4>Morphological changes within the ileum of piglets during a PCV2 infection were observed. The expression of the re ...[more]

PMID: 33016023

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Project description:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) are economically important pathogens in swine, and pigs with dual infections of PCV2 and PRRSV consistently have more severe clinical symptoms and interstitial pneumonia. However, the synergistic pathogenesis mechanism induced by PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection has not yet been illuminated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the kinetic changes of immune regulatory molecules, inflammatory factors and immune checkpoint molecules in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in individuals infected or co-infected with PRRSV and/or PCV2. The experiment was divided into six groups: a negative control group (mock, no infected virus), a group infected with PCV2 alone (PCV2), a group infected with PRRSV alone (PRRSV), a PCV2-PRRSV co-infected group (PCV2-PRRSV inoculated with PCV2, followed by PRRSV 12 h later), a PRRSV-PCV2 co-infected group (PRRSV-PCV2 inoculated with PRRSV, followed by PCV2 12 h later) and a PCV2 + PRRSV co-infected group (PCV2 + PRRSV, inoculated with PCV2 and PRRSV at the same time). Then, PAM samples from the different infection groups and the mock group were collected at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h post-infection (hpi) to detect the viral loads of PCV2 and PRRSV and the relative quantification of immune regulatory molecules, inflammatory factors and immune checkpoint molecules. The results indicated that PCV2 and PRRSV co-infection, regardless of the order of infection, had no effect on promoting PCV2 replication, while PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection was able to promote PRRSV replication. The immune regulatory molecules (IFN-α and IFN-γ) were significantly down-regulated, while inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and TGF-β) and immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4 and TIM-3) were significantly up-regulated in the PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection groups, especially in PAMs with PCV2 inoculation first followed by PRRSV. The dynamic changes in the aforementioned immune molecules were associated with a high viral load, immunosuppression and cell exhaustion, which may explain, at least partially, the underlying mechanism of the enhanced pulmonary lesions by dual infection with PCV2 and PRRSV in PAMs.

Dataset Information

The changes of immune-related molecules within the ileal mucosa of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2.

Publications

The changes of immune-related molecules within the ileal mucosa of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2.

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