Dataset Information

Stereolithographic 3D Printing for Deterministic Control over Integration in Dual-Material Composites.

ABSTRACT: This work introduces a rapid and facile approach to predictably control integration between two materials with divergent properties. Programmed integration between photopolymerizable soft and stiff hydrogels was investigated for their promise in applications such as tissue engineering where heterogeneous properties are often desired. Spatial control afforded by grayscale 3D printing was leveraged to define regions at the interface that permit diffusive transport of a second material in-filled into the 3D printed part. The printing parameters (i.e., effective exposure dose) for the resin were correlated directly to mesh size to achieve controlled diffusion. Applying this information to grayscale exposures led to a range of distances over which integration was achieved with high fidelity. A prescribed finite distance of integration between soft and stiff hydrogels led to a 33% increase in strain to failure under tensile testing and eliminated failure at the interface. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated in a layer-by-layer 3D printed part fabricated by stereolithography, which was subsequently infilled with a soft hydrogel containing osteoblastic cells. In summary, this approach holds promise for applications where integration of multiple materials and living cells is needed by allowing precise control over integration and reducing mechanical failure at contrasting material interfaces.

SUBMITTER: Muralidharan A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7546532 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Stereolithographic 3D Printing for Deterministic Control over Integration in Dual-Material Composites.

Muralidharan Archish A Uzcategui Asais C AC McLeod Robert R RR Bryant Stephanie J SJ

Advanced materials technologies 20190926 11

This work introduces a rapid and facile approach to predictably control integration between two materials with divergent properties. Programmed integration between photopolymerizable soft and stiff hydrogels was investigated for their promise in applications such as tissue engineering where heterogeneous properties are often desired. Spatial control afforded by grayscale 3D printing was leveraged to define regions at the interface that permit diffusive transport of a second material in-filled in ...[more]

PMID: 33043126

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Project description:The functional gradient is a concept often occurring in nature. This concept can be implemented in the design and fabrication of advanced materials with specific functionalities and properties. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) can effectively eliminate the interface problems in extremely hard-soft connections, and, thus, have numerous and diverse applications in high-tech industries, such as those in biomedical and aerospace fields. Here, using voxel-based multi-material additive manufacturing (AM, = 3D printing) techniques, which works on the basis of material jetting, we studied the fracture behavior of functionally graded soft-hard composites with a pre-existing crack colinear with the gradient direction. We designed, additively manufactured, and mechanically tested the two main types of functionally graded composites, namely, composites with step-wise and continuous gradients. In addition, we changed the length of the transition zone between the hard and soft materials such that it covered 5%, 25%, 50%, or 100% of the width (W) of the specimens. The results showed that except for the fracture strain, the fracture properties of the graded specimens decreased as the length of the transition zone increased. Additionally, it was found that specimens with abrupt hard-soft transitions have significantly better fracture properties than those with continuous gradients. Among the composites with gradients, those with step-wise gradients showed a slightly better fracture resistance compared to those with continuous gradients. In contrast, FGMs with continuous gradients showed higher values of elastic stiffness and fracture energy, which makes each gradient function suitable for different loading scenarios. Moreover, regardless of the gradient function used in the design of the specimens, decreasing the length of the transition zone from 100%W to 5%W increased the fracture resistance of FGMs. We discuss the important underlying fracture mechanisms using data collected from digital image correlation (DIC), digital image microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which were used to analyze the fracture surface.

Dataset Information

Stereolithographic 3D Printing for Deterministic Control over Integration in Dual-Material Composites.

Publications

Stereolithographic 3D Printing for Deterministic Control over Integration in Dual-Material Composites.

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