Dataset Information

Epidemiological and Histopathological Investigation of Sarcoptic Mange in Camels in Egypt.

ABSTRACT: Mange has been considered one of the most common parasitic infestations among camels. It adversely impacts animal productivity and poses a risk to human health. Given the scarcity of available data about mange in camels, the current study focused on the prevalence of camel mange and its associated risk factors in Aswan Governorate, Egypt. Towards this end, a general visual inspection was conducted on camels (N = 210) in different markets and slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate. Skin scrapings from suspect infected camels were also examined microscopically. Importantly, these findings were further checked and confirmed by histopathology on samples from suspected cases collected post-slaughter in abattoirs. The possible risk-associated factors, which include the camel's age, sex and sampling season, were recorded and statistically analyzed. Interestingly, the data showed that a total of 100 camels (47.6%) were found exclusively infested by sarcoptic mange. Furthermore, the predominant histopathological changes included burrowing tunnel of mites in the skin, hyperkeratosis and acanthosisconsis of the epidermis, while the dermis showed hemorrhage, mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration around the blood vessels and perifolliculitis. These major histopathological findings are consistent with sarcoptic mange. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of the possible associated risk factors, camel's age (p = 0.006), gender (p = 0.032) and sampling season (p = 0.004), were all found to be significantly affected and related to the disease. In this regard, camels ?2 years old were found at higher risk of infection (odds ratio (OR) = 2.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.345 to 5.604) versus younger animals (OR = 0.36; 95 CI, 0.1784 to 0.743). Females had higher odds of exposure (OR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.096 to 3.708) compared to males (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.269 to 0.912). Moreover, the exposure to infection was reported higher in winter (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.297 to 4.098) than in summer (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.244 to 0.771). Collectively, our data provide novel epidemiological and histopathological support for sarcoptic mange being widespread among camels in the studied area. Sarcoptic mange is extremely contagious and zoonotic. Therefore, our baseline investigation indicates an urgent need for additional multicenter-studies to investigate the occurrence of this disease in camels and humans combined with the appropriate control measures of camel importation for combating this disease.

SUBMITTER: Ahmed MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7552310 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epidemiological and Histopathological Investigation of Sarcoptic Mange in Camels in Egypt.

Ahmed Marwa A MA Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb EK Gareh Ahmed A Abdelbaset Abdelbaset Eweda AE El-Gohary Fatma A FA El-Gohary Fatma A FA Elhawary Nagwa M NM Dyab Ahmed K AK Elbaz Elzahara E Abushahba Mostafa F N MFN

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20200824 9

Mange has been considered one of the most common parasitic infestations among camels. It adversely impacts animal productivity and poses a risk to human health. Given the scarcity of available data about mange in camels, the current study focused on the prevalence of camel mange and its associated risk factors in Aswan Governorate, Egypt. Towards this end, a general visual inspection was conducted on camels (N = 210) in different markets and slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate. Skin scrapings f ...[more]

PMID: 32846897

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Project description:BackgroundSarcoptic mange, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, is an infectious disease of wildlife, domestic animals and humans with international importance. Whilst a variety of treatment and control methods have been investigated in wildlife, the literature is fragmented and lacking consensus. The primary objectives of this review were to synthesise the diverse literature published on the treatment of sarcoptic mange in wildlife from around the world, and to identify the qualities of successful treatment strategies in both captive and free-roaming wildlife.MethodsA systematic search of the electronic databases CAB Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Discovery was undertaken. Data pertaining to study design, country, year, species, study size, mange severity, treatment protocol and outcomes were extracted from eligible studies and placed in a table. Following data extraction, a decision tree was used to identify studies suitable for further analysis based on the effectiveness of their treatment protocol, whether they were conducted on captive or non-captive wildlife, and the quality of their post-treatment monitoring period.ResultsTwenty-eight studies met our initial inclusion criteria for data collection. Of these studies, 15 were selected for further analysis following application of the decision tree. This comprised of 9 studies on captive wildlife, 5 studies on free-living wildlife and 1 study involving both captive and free-living wildlife. Ivermectin delivered multiple times via subcutaneous injection at a dose between 200-400 µg/kg was found to be the most common and successfully used treatment, although long-term data on post-release survival and re-infection rates was elusive.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this review is the first to demonstrate that multiple therapeutic protocols exist for the treatment of sarcoptic mange in wildlife. However, several contemporary treatment options are yet to be formally reported in wildlife, such as the use of isoxazoline chemicals as a one-off treatment. There is also a strong indication for more randomised controlled trials, as well as improved methods of post-treatment monitoring. Advancing this field of knowledge is expected to aid veterinarians, wildlife workers and policy makers with the design and implementation of effective treatment and management strategies for the conservation of wildlife affected by sarcoptic mange.

Project description:Sarcoptic mange, a parasitic skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, is an emerging conservation threat to some Australian wildlife species. As a zoonotic and multi-host disease, it has the capacity to exploit different hosts, creating management challenges for susceptible wildlife populations that may suffer high rates of morbidity and mortality. Sarcoptic mange was identified in quenda (Isoodon fusciventer) in a peri-urban region of Perth, Western Australia in 2019. By mid-2021, reported cases were distributed across 107ha. This retrospective study reviews the spatiotemporal distribution, clinical signs and risk factors for sarcoptic mange in quenda from a metropolitan region. Preliminary epidemiological parameters for the outbreak are described, including period prevalence of infested individuals, spatiotemporal analyses, clinical signs of mange, and preliminary risk factor analyses. The period prevalence of sarcoptic mange between July 1, 2019 and June 30, 2021 was 26.9% (CI 95%; 21.2, 33.5) with a mortality rate of 39.6%, owing to severity of disease or secondary complications. Sarcoptic mange was detected more frequently in adult quenda than juveniles (OR: 176.8, CI 95%: 10.7, 2930.1), with adult males more affected than adult females (OR: 3.5, CI 95%: 1.5, 8.4). Clinical signs of disease presented on the rump and tail (100%), followed by the limbs and digits (61.5%). The most common clinical signs recorded were alopecia (92.3%), erythema (46.2%) and open wounds (42.3%). This is the first documented example of a geographically expanding and propagating epizootic of sarcoptic mange in quenda, with implicit welfare and conservation concerns for the species, alongside potential for cases in humans and domestic species that cohabit with or handle quenda in the urban environment. Further, the detection of cases through wildlife rehabilitation centres highlights the critical role such organisations play in conservation and passive surveillance for wildlife diseases of conservation or public and domestic animal health importance.

Project description:BackgroundSarcoptes scabiei is globally distributed and one of the most impactful mammalian ectoparasites. Sarcoptic mange, caused by infection with S. scabiei, causes disruption of the epidermis and its bacterial microbiota, but its effects on host fungal microbiota and on the microbiota of marsupials in general have not been studied. Here, we (i) examine bacterial and fungal microbiota changes associated with mange in wild bare-nosed wombats (BNWs) and (ii) evaluate whether opportunistic pathogens are potentiated by S. scabiei infection in this species.MethodsUsing Amplicon Sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS2 rDNA genes, we detected skin microbiota changes of the bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus). We compared the alpha and beta diversity among healthy, moderate, and severe disease states using ANOVA and PERMANOVA with nesting. Lastly, we identified taxa that differed between disease states using analysis of composition of microbes (ANCOM) testing.ResultsWe detected significant changes in the microbial communities and diversity with mange in BNWs. Severely affected BNWs had lower amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness compared to that of healthy individuals, and the microbial communities were significantly different between disease states with higher relative abundance of potentially pathogenic microbial taxa in mange-affected BNWs including Staphylococcus sciuri, Corynebacterium spp., Brevibacterium spp., Brachybacterium spp., and Pseudogymnascus spp. and Debaryomyces spp.ConclusionThis study represents the first investigation of microbial changes in association with sarcoptic mange in a marsupial host, as well as the first investigation of fungal microbial changes on the skin of any host suffering from sarcoptic mange. Our results are broadly consistent with bacterial microbiota changes observed in humans, pigs, canids, and Iberian ibex, suggesting the epidermal microbial impacts of mange may be generalisable across host species. We recommend that future studies investigating skin microbiota changes include both bacterial and fungal data to gain a more complete picture of the effects of sarcoptic mange.

Dataset Information

Epidemiological and Histopathological Investigation of Sarcoptic Mange in Camels in Egypt.

Publications

Epidemiological and Histopathological Investigation of Sarcoptic Mange in Camels in Egypt.

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