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Incidence and Clinical Features of Immune-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Receiving Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Inhibitors.

ABSTRACT: Background:Programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with a side effect profile that may differ from other classes of ICIs such as those directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1). Being the more recently approved class of checkpoint inhibitors, there are no studies investigating the frequency, etiology and predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving PD-L1 inhibitors. Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who received PD-L1 inhibitors during 2017 to 2018 in our healthcare system. AKI was defined by a ?1.5-fold rise in serum creatinine from baseline. The etiology of all cases of sustained AKI (lasting >48 hours) and clinical course were determined by review of electronic health records. Results:The final analysis included 599 patients. Within 12 months of ICI initiation, 104 patients (17%) experienced AKI, and 36 (6%) experienced sustained AKI; however, only 5 (<1%) experienced suspected PD-L1-related AKI. The PD-L1-related AKI occurred a median of 99 days after starting therapy. All patients concurrently received another medication known to cause acute interstitial nephritis (proton pump inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or antibiotics) at the time of the suspected PDL1-related AKI. Conclusion:Although AKI is common in patients receiving PD-L1 therapy, the incidence of suspected PD-L1-related AKI is low (<1%) and may be less common when compared to other classes of ICIs. This cohort provides further validation that other drugs associated with acute interstitial nephritis may be involved in the pathogenesis of ICI-related AKI.

SUBMITTER: Seethapathy H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7569697 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Incidence and Clinical Features of Immune-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Receiving Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Inhibitors.

Seethapathy Harish H Zhao Sophia S Strohbehn Ian A IA Lee Meghan M Chute Donald F DF Bates Halla H Molina Gabriel E GE Zubiri Leyre L Gupta Shruti S Motwani Shveta S Leaf David E DE Sullivan Ryan J RJ Rahma Osama O Blumenthal Kimberly G KG Villani Alexandra-Chloe AC Reynolds Kerry L KL Sise Meghan E ME

Kidney international reports 20200721 10

<h4>Background</h4>Programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with a side effect profile that may differ from other classes of ICIs such as those directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1). Being the more recently approved class of checkpoint inhibitors, there are no studies investigating the frequency, etiology and predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients rec ...[more]

PMID: 33102962

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Project description:Background and objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitor use in oncology is increasing rapidly. We sought to determine the frequency, severity, cause, and predictors of AKI in a real-world population receiving checkpoint inhibitors.Design, setting, participants, & measurements: We included all patients who received checkpoint inhibitor therapy from May 2011 to December 2016 at Massachusetts General Hospital. Baseline serum creatinine, averaged 6 months before checkpoint inhibitor start date, was compared with all subsequent creatinine values within 12 months of starting therapy. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria for fold changes in creatinine from baseline. Sustained AKI events lasted at least 3 days and was our primary outcome. The cause of sustained AKI was determined by chart review. Cumulative incidence and subdistribution hazard models were used to assess the relationship between baseline demographics, comorbidities, and medications, and sustained AKI and potential checkpoint inhibitor-related AKI.Results: We included 1016 patients in the analysis. Average age was 63 (SD 13) years, 61% were men, and 91% were white. Mean baseline creatinine was 0.9 mg/dl (SD 0.4 mg/dl), and 169 (17%) had CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) at baseline. A total of 169 patients (17%) experienced AKI, defined by an increase in creatinine at least 1.5 times the baseline within 12 months; 82 patients (8%) experienced sustained AKI and 30 patients (3%) had potential checkpoint inhibitor-related AKI. The first episode of sustained AKI occurred, on average, 106 days (SD 85) after checkpoint inhibitor initiation. Sixteen (2%) patients experienced stage 3 sustained AKI and four patients required dialysis. Proton pump inhibitor use at baseline was associated with sustained AKI.Conclusions: AKI is common in patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The causes of sustained AKI in this population are heterogenous and merit thorough evaluation. The role of PPI and other nephritis-inducing drugs in the development of sustained AKI needs to be better defined.

Project description:BackgroundDue to advances in cancer therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are new classes of drugs targeting programmed cell death protein 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor (PD-1) used in many cancer therapies. Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a potential and deleterious immune-related adverse events (irAE) and the most common biopsy-proven diagnosis in ICI-related nephrotoxicity. AIN in patients receiving ICIs is was only seen in cases with tubular PD-L1 positivity, while PD-1 expression is limited to inflammatory cells and also observed in injured kidneys independent of ICI therapy. We have previously described that PD-L1 positivity can also be detected in glomerular and endothelial compartments. We here aimed to describe compartmentalization of renal PD-L1 expression specifically in injured kidneys with confirmed nephrotoxicity related to ICIs, its association with presence of PD-1, and clinical findings.MethodsWe included human kidney samples with AIN related to ICI therapy to describe PD-L1 and PD-1 expression localized to different renal compartments in association with clinical and laboratory parameters.ResultsWe herein report compartmentalization of PD-L1 with tubular positivity in all cases, partially overlapping with glomerular and endothelial PD-L1 positivity. Furthermore, we provide evidence that tubular PD-L1 in ICI-related nephrotoxicity correlates with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), while glomerular and endothelial PD-L1 positivity with lower serum levels of complement component C4. Interestingly, glomerular PD-L1 correlated with kidney function, while interstitial cell PD-1 positivity specifically with severity of kidney injury. Finally, we provide evidence for signaling pathways associated with intrarenal PD-L1/PD-1 expression.ConclusionOur findings implicate that that AIN related to ICI therapy requires presence of interstitial cells positive for PD-1, and that blocking PD-L1/PD-1 signaling may contribute to nephrotoxicity specifically related to these agents.

Dataset Information

Incidence and Clinical Features of Immune-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Receiving Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Inhibitors.

Publications

Incidence and Clinical Features of Immune-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Receiving Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Inhibitors.

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