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Characterization of components of resistance to Corn Stunt disease.

ABSTRACT: Corn Stunt is an important disease in the Americas due to it high prevalence and the yield reductions that can cause when present. However, changes in the presence of this disease across years hampers the effective identification of resistant genotypes to this disease. To avoid the limitations of phenotypic selection under natural pressure, this research aimed to devise an effective strategy to screen disease-resistant genotypes in the absence of high and constant natural pressures. To do so, we investigated the presence of antixenosis and antibiosis as components of resistance to the vector Dalbulus maidis as well as resistance to the pathogen Spiroplasma kunkelii under artificial inoculation conditions in four maize hybrids. The hybrids shown differences in their levels of resistance and target organisms, either the insect vector or the pathogen. Antixenosis and antibiosis to D. maidis were observed in DK72-10. Resistance to S. kunkelii by DK79-10 was seen as a delayed onset of symptoms, and DKB390 showed antixenosis to D. maidis and resistance to S. kunkelii. An association between symptom severity and yield reduction was found, but not between accumulation of pathogen S. kunkelii and symptom severity nor yield. In conclusion, the proposed methodology was efficacious and can aid in the screening of resistant genotypes in breeding programs to reduce the impact of Corn Stunt disease, ensuring that hybrids with good resistance level will be planted by farmers whenever disease occurs.

SUBMITTER: Oleszczuk JD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7571704 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterization of components of resistance to Corn Stunt disease.

Oleszczuk José Darío JD Catalano María Inés MI Dalaisón Lucía L Di Rienzo Julio Alejandro JA Giménez Pecci María de la Paz MP Carpane Pablo P

PloS one 20201019 10

Corn Stunt is an important disease in the Americas due to it high prevalence and the yield reductions that can cause when present. However, changes in the presence of this disease across years hampers the effective identification of resistant genotypes to this disease. To avoid the limitations of phenotypic selection under natural pressure, this research aimed to devise an effective strategy to screen disease-resistant genotypes in the absence of high and constant natural pressures. To do so, we ...[more]

PMID: 33075073

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Project description:As maize seedlings germinate into the soil, they encounter an environment teeming with insects seeking rich sources of nutrition. Maize presumably has developed a number of molecular mechanisms to ensure survival at the beginning of its life cycle. Bioassays indicated maize seedlings were more toxic to caterpillars than shoots from 3 or 4 leafed plants. Microarray technology was utilized to document the expression of a number of genes with potential defensive functions in seedling tissue. In addition to elevated levels of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), an anti-insect resistance molecule, other highly expressed genes in the seedling encode the following putative proteins: defensin, hydroxyproline and proline-rich protein, thaumatin-like protein, lipase, cystatin, protease inhibitor, and a variety of proteases. Changes in the levels of gene expression by the microarray technology were well correlated to results using quantitative RT-PCR. The potential resistance genes identified occurred mainly on chromosomes 1 and 5 in the B73 genome. Analysis of promoters of four DIMBOA biosynthetic genes determined that a Dof transcription factor, two of which were differentially expressed in three vegetative stages, is possibly involved in regulation of the DIMBOA biosynthetic pathway. The results indicate that maize employs a wide variety of potential resistance mechanisms in seedling tissue to resist a possible insect attack. Three different Zea mays plant (B73) life stages were sampled: a) seedlings, which had grown just above the soil line, which also served as reference tissue (reference tissue was always labeled Cy5 and consisted of leaf shoots pooled from 12 plants); b) leaf shoots from plants with four leaves; and c) leaf shoots from plants with six leaves. There were 3 samples (biological replications) of each treatment (6 plants per sample) and the samples were labeled Cy3 and which were combined with a reference chip for a total of 9 chips: (3 biological replicates of seedling, 4 leaf stage and 6 leaf stage).

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Characterization of components of resistance to Corn Stunt disease.

Publications

Characterization of components of resistance to Corn Stunt disease.

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