Dataset Information

Crustal deformation rates in Kashmir valley and adjoining regions from continuous GPS measurements from 2008 to 2019.

ABSTRACT: We present GPS velocities in Kashmir valley and adjoining regions from continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) network during 2008 to 2019. Results indicate total arc normal shortening rates of?~?14 mm/year across this transect of Himalaya that is comparable to the rates of?~?10 to 20 mm/year reported else-where in the 2500 km Himalaya Arc. For the first time in Himalayas, arc-parallel extension rate of?~?7 mm/year was recorded in the Kashmir valley, pointing to oblique deformation. Inverse modeling of the contemporary deformation rates in Kashmir valley indicate oblique slip of?~?16 mm/year along the decollement with locking depth of?~?15 km and width of?~?145 km. This result is consistent with the recorded micro-seismicity and low velocity layer at a depth of 12 to 16 km beneath the Kashmir valley obtained from collocated broadband seismic network. Geodetic strain rates are consistent with the dislocation model and micro-seismic activity, with high strain accumulation (~?7e-08 maximum compression) to the north of Kashmir valley and south of Zanskar ranges. Assuming the stored energy was fully released during 1555 earthquake, high geodetic strain rate since then and observed micro-seismicity point to probable future large earthquakes of Mw?~?7.7 in Kashmir seismic gap.

SUBMITTER: Jade S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7577991 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Crustal deformation rates in Kashmir valley and adjoining regions from continuous GPS measurements from 2008 to 2019.

Jade Sridevi S Mir Ramees R RR Vivek Chiranjeevi G CG Shrungeshwara T S TS Parvez I A IA Chandra Rakesh R Babu D Suri DS Gupta S Vishal SV Ankit Rajana Siva Sai Kumar SSK Gaur V K VK

Scientific reports 20201021 1

We present GPS velocities in Kashmir valley and adjoining regions from continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) network during 2008 to 2019. Results indicate total arc normal shortening rates of ~ 14 mm/year across this transect of Himalaya that is comparable to the rates of ~ 10 to 20 mm/year reported else-where in the 2500 km Himalaya Arc. For the first time in Himalayas, arc-parallel extension rate of ~ 7 mm/year was recorded in the Kashmir valley, pointing to oblique deformation. Inverse ...[more]

PMID: 33087736

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Project description:Changes in terrestrial water content cause elastic deformation of the Earth's crust. This deformation is thought to play a role in modulating crustal stress and seismicity in regions where large water storage fluctuations occur. Groundwater is an important component of total water storage change in California, helping to drive annual water storage fluctuations and loss during periods of drought. Here we use direct estimates of groundwater volume loss during the 2007-2010 drought in California's Central Valley obtained from high resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar-based vertical land motion data to investigate the effect of groundwater volume change on the evolution of the stress field. We show that GPS-derived elastic load models may not capture the contribution of groundwater to terrestrial water loading, resulting in an underestimation of nontectonic crustal stress change. We find that groundwater unloading during the drought causes Coulomb stress change of up to 5.5 kPa and seasonal fluctuations of up to 2.6 kPa at seismogenic depth. We find that faults near the Valley show the largest stress change and the San Andreas fault experiences only ~40 Pa of Coulomb stress change over the course of a year from groundwater storage change. Annual Coulomb stress change peaks dominantly in the fall, when the groundwater level is low; however, some faults experience peak stress in the spring when groundwater levels are higher. Additionally, we find that periods of increased stress correlate with higher than average seismic moment release but are not correlated with an increase in the number of earthquakes. This indicates groundwater loading likely contributes to nontectonic loading of faults, especially near the Valley edge, but is not a dominant factor in modulation of seismicity in California because the amplitude of stress change declines rapidly with distance from the Valley. By carefully quantifying and spatially locating groundwater fluctuations, we will improve our understanding of what drives nontectonic stress and forces that modulate seismicity in California.

Dataset Information

Crustal deformation rates in Kashmir valley and adjoining regions from continuous GPS measurements from 2008 to 2019.

Publications

Crustal deformation rates in Kashmir valley and adjoining regions from continuous GPS measurements from 2008 to 2019.

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