Dataset Information

Characterisation of Wheat Straw Pellets Individually and in Combination with Cassava Starch or Calcium Carbonate under Various Compaction Conditions: Determination of Pellet Strength and Water Absorption Capacity.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to optimise the production conditions of wheat straw (WS) pellets and pellets with the additives of cassava starch (CS) or calcium carbonate (CC) based on the criteria of pellet strength and water absorption by crushed pellets. The pellets produced using a 2-10%-wt/wt additive ratio, material moisture of 10-30% w.b., die height of 66-86 mm, and material temperature of 78-108 °C were tested. The influence these factors on the strength parameters of pellets was different than on the water absorption by the crushed pellets. The pellets made of WS blended with CC additive were characterised by better strength parameters and the compressed pellets were characterised by better water absorption than those with CS. High and positive correlation among specific pellet compression work, elasticity modulus for pellet compression, and tensile strength values were observed. As the strength parameters of pellets showed high correlation with single pellet density, for the consistency of conclusions, the optimal conditions for pellet production were assumed based on the density. For optimal conditions at 4% wt/wt additive ratio, 23% w.b. material moisture, 78 mm die height, and 80 °C material temperature, the specific pellet compression work was 3.22 mJ·mm-2, elasticity modulus was 5.78 MPa, and maximum tensile strength of the pellets was 2.68 MPa; moreover, the water absorption by crushed pellets amounted to 2.60 g H2O·g-1 of dry matter.

SUBMITTER: Matkowski P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7579381 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Characterisation of Wheat Straw Pellets Individually and in Combination with Cassava Starch or Calcium Carbonate under Various Compaction Conditions: Determination of Pellet Strength and Water Absorption Capacity.

Matkowski Patryk P Lisowski Aleksander A Świętochowski Adam A

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 20201001 19

This study aimed to optimise the production conditions of wheat straw (WS) pellets and pellets with the additives of cassava starch (CS) or calcium carbonate (CC) based on the criteria of pellet strength and water absorption by crushed pellets. The pellets produced using a 2-10%-wt/wt additive ratio, material moisture of 10-30% w.b., die height of 66-86 mm, and material temperature of 78-108 °C were tested. The influence these factors on the strength parameters of pellets was different than on t ...[more]

PMID: 33019574

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Project description:Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a root crop used as a foodstuff and as a starch source in industry. Starch functional properties are influenced by many structural features including the relative amounts of the two glucan polymers amylopectin and amylose, the branched structure of amylopectin, starch granule size and the presence of covalent modifications. Starch phosphorylation, where phosphates are linked either to the C3 or C6 carbon atoms of amylopectin glucosyl residues, is a naturally occurring modification known to be important for starch remobilization. The degree of phosphorylation has been altered in several crops using biotechnological approaches to change expression of the starch-phosphorylating enzyme GLUCAN WATER DIKINASE (GWD). Interestingly, this frequently alters other structural features of starch beside its phosphate content. Here, we aimed to alter starch phosphorylation in cassava storage roots either by manipulating the expression of the starch phosphorylating or dephosphorylating enzymes. Therefore, we generated transgenic plants in which either the wild-type potato GWD (StGWD) or a redox-insensitive version of it were overexpressed. Further plants were created in which we used RNAi to silence each of the endogenous phosphoglucan phosphatase genes STARCH EXCESS 4 (MeSEX4) and LIKE SEX4 2 (MeLSF), previously discovered by analyzing leaf starch metabolism in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpressing the potato GWD gene (StGWD), which specifically phosphorylates the C6 position, increased the total starch-bound phosphate content at both the C6 and the C3 positions. Silencing endogenous LSF2 gene (MeLSF2), which specifically dephosphorylates the C3 position, increased the ratio of C3:C6 phosphorylation, showing that its function is conserved in storage tissues. In both cases, other structural features of starch (amylopectin structure, amylose content and starch granule size) were unaltered. This allowed us to directly relate the physicochemical properties of the starch to its phosphate content or phosphorylation pattern. Starch swelling power and paste clarity were specifically influenced by total phosphate content. However, phosphate position did not significantly influence starch functional properties. In conclusion, biotechnological manipulation of starch phosphorylation can specifically alter certain cassava storage root starch properties, potentially increasing its value in food and non-food industries.

Project description:An understanding of cassava starch paste properties (CSPP) can contribute to the selection of clones with differentiated starches. This study aimed to identify genomic regions associated with CSPP using different genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods (MLM, MLMM, and Farm-CPU). The GWAS was performed using 23,078 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The rapid viscoanalyzer (RVA) parameters were pasting temperature (PastTemp), peak viscosity (PeakVisc), hot-paste viscosity (Hot-PVisc), cool-paste viscosity (Cold-PVisc), final viscosity (FinalVis), breakdown (BreDow), and setback (Setback). Broad phenotypic and molecular diversity was identified based on the genomic kinship matrix. The broad-sense heritability estimates (h2) ranged from moderate to high magnitudes (0.66 to 0.76). The linkage disequilibrium (LD) declined to between 0.3 and 2.0 Mb (r2 <0.1) for most chromosomes, except chromosome 17, which exhibited an extensive LD. Thirteen SNPs were found to be significantly associated with CSPP, on chromosomes 3, 8, 17, and 18. Only the BreDow trait had no associated SNPs. The regional marker-trait associations on chromosome 18 indicate a LD block between 2907312 and 3567816 bp and that SNP S18_3081635 was associated with SetBack, FinalVis, and Cold-PVisc (all three GWAS methods) and with Hot-PVisc (MLM), indicating that this SNP can track these four traits simultaneously. The variance explained by the SNPs ranged from 0.13 to 0.18 for SetBack, FinalVis, and Cold-PVisc and from 0.06 to 0.09 for PeakVisc and Hot-PVisc. The results indicated additive effects of the genetic control of Cold-PVisc, FinalVis, Hot-PVisc, and SetBack, especially on the large LD block on chromosome 18. One transcript encoding the glycosyl hydrolase family 35 enzymes on chromosome 17 and one encoding the mannose-p-dolichol utilization defect 1 protein on chromosome 18 were the most likely candidate genes for the regulation of CSPP. These results underline the potential for the assisted selection of high-value starches to improve cassava root quality through breeding programs.

Dataset Information

Characterisation of Wheat Straw Pellets Individually and in Combination with Cassava Starch or Calcium Carbonate under Various Compaction Conditions: Determination of Pellet Strength and Water Absorption Capacity.

Publications

Characterisation of Wheat Straw Pellets Individually and in Combination with Cassava Starch or Calcium Carbonate under Various Compaction Conditions: Determination of Pellet Strength and Water Absorption Capacity.

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