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Selective usage of ANP32 proteins by influenza B virus polymerase: Implications in determination of host range.

ABSTRACT: The influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal influenza and has accounted for an increasing proportion of influenza outbreaks. IBV mainly causes human infections and has not been found to spread in poultry. The replication mechanism and the determinants of interspecies transmission of IBV are largely unknown. In this study, we found that the host ANP32 proteins are required for the function of the IBV polymerase. Human ANP32A/B strongly supports IBV replication, while ANP32E has a limited role. Unlike human ANP32A/B, chicken ANP32A has low support activity to IBV polymerase because of a unique 33-amino-acid insert, which, in contrast, exhibits species specific support to avian influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Chicken ANP32B and ANP32E have even lower activity compared with human ANP32B/E due to specific amino acid substitutions at sites 129-130. We further revealed that the sites 129-130 affect the binding ability of ANP32B/E to IBV polymerase, while the 33-amino-acid insert of chicken ANP32A reduces its binding stability and affinity. Taken together, the features of avian ANP32 proteins limited their abilities to support IBV polymerase, which could prevent efficient replication of IBV in chicken cells. Our results illustrate roles of ANP32 proteins in supporting IBV replication and may help to understand the ineffective replication of IBV in birds.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7580981 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Selective usage of ANP32 proteins by influenza B virus polymerase: Implications in determination of host range.

Zhang Zhenyu Z Zhang Haili H Xu Ling L Guo Xing X Wang Wenfei W Ji Yujie Y Lin Chaohui C Wang Yujie Y Wang Xiaojun X

PLoS pathogens 20201012 10

The influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal influenza and has accounted for an increasing proportion of influenza outbreaks. IBV mainly causes human infections and has not been found to spread in poultry. The replication mechanism and the determinants of interspecies transmission of IBV are largely unknown. In this study, we found that the host ANP32 proteins are required for the function of the IBV polymerase. Human ANP32A/B strongly supports IBV replication, while ANP32E has a limited role. Un ...[more]

PMID: 33045004

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Project description:UNLABELLED:Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype have recently emerged from avian zoonotic reservoirs to cause fatal human disease. Adaptation of HPAI virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (PB1, PB2, and PA proteins) and nucleoprotein (NP) to interactions with mammalian host proteins is thought to contribute to the efficiency of viral RNA synthesis and to disease severity. While proteomics experiments have identified a number of human proteins that associate with H1N1 polymerases and/or viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP), how these host interactions might regulate influenza virus polymerase functions and host adaptation has been largely unexplored. We took a functional genomics (RNA interference [RNAi]) approach to assess the roles of a network of human proteins interacting with influenza virus polymerase proteins in viral polymerase activity from prototype H1N1 and H5N1 viruses. A majority (18 of 31) of the cellular proteins tested, including RNA-binding (DDX17, DDX5, NPM1, and hnRNPM), stress (PARP1, DDB1, and Ku70/86), and intracellular transport proteins, were required for efficient activity of both H1N1 and H5N1 polymerases. NXP2 and NF90 antagonized both polymerases, and six more RNA-associated proteins exhibited strain-specific phenotypes. Remarkably, 12 proteins differentially regulated H5N1 polymerase according to PB2 genotype at mammalian-adaptive residue 627. Among these, DEAD box RNA helicase DDX17/p72 facilitated efficient human-adapted (627K) H5N1 virus mRNA and viral RNA (vRNA) synthesis in human cells. Likewise, the chicken DDX17 homologue was required for efficient avian (627E) H5N1 infection in chicken DF-1 fibroblasts, suggesting that this conserved virus-host interaction contributes to PB2-dependent host species specificity of influenza virus and ultimately to the outcome of human HPAI infections. IMPORTANCE:Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses have recently emerged from wild and domestic birds to cause fatal human disease. In human patients, it is thought that adaptation of the viral polymerase, a complex of viral proteins responsible for viral gene expression and RNA genome replication, to interactions with mammalian rather than avian host proteins contributes to disease severity. In this study, we used computational analysis and RNA interference (RNAi) experiments to identify a biological network of human proteins that regulates an H5N1 HPAI virus polymerase, in comparison to a mammalian H1N1 virus. Of 31 proteins tested, 18 (58%) were required for polymerase function in both HPAI and H1N1 viruses. Remarkably, we also found proteins such as DDX17 that governed the HPAI virus polymerase's adaptation to human cells. These virus-host interactions may thus control pathogenicity of HPAI virus in humans and are promising therapeutic targets for antiviral drugs in severe influenza infections.

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Selective usage of ANP32 proteins by influenza B virus polymerase: Implications in determination of host range.

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Selective usage of ANP32 proteins by influenza B virus polymerase: Implications in determination of host range.

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