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SARs for the Antiparasitic Plant Metabolite Pulchrol. Part 2: B- and C-Ring Substituents.

ABSTRACT: Neglected tropical diseases affect most of the underprivileged populations in tropical countries. Among these are chagas and leishmaniasis, present mainly in South and Central America, Africa and East Asia. Current treatments are long and have severe adverse effects, therefore there is a strong need to develop alternatives. In this study, we base our research on the plant metabolite pulchrol, a natural benzochromene which has been shown to possess antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma and Leishmania species. In a recent study, we investigated how changes in the benzyl alcohol functionality affected the antiparasitic activity, but the importance of B- and C-ring substituents is not understood. Fifteen derivatives of pulchrol with different substituents in positions 1, 2, 3, and 6 while leaving the A-ring intact, were therefore prepared by total synthesis, assayed, and compared with pulchrol and positive controls. The generated series and parental molecule were tested in vitro for antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania braziliensis, and L. amazonensis, and cytotoxicity using RAW cells. Substantial differences in the activity of the compounds synthesized were observed, of which some were more potent towards Trypanosoma cruzi than the positive control benznidazole. A general tendency is that alkyl substituents improve the potency, especially when positioned on C-2.

SUBMITTER: Terrazas P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7582507 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SARs for the Antiparasitic Plant Metabolite Pulchrol. Part 2: B- and C-Ring Substituents.

Terrazas Paola P Manner Sophie S Sterner Olov O Dávila Marcelo M Giménez Alberto A Salamanca Efrain E

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20201001 19

Neglected tropical diseases affect most of the underprivileged populations in tropical countries. Among these are chagas and leishmaniasis, present mainly in South and Central America, Africa and East Asia. Current treatments are long and have severe adverse effects, therefore there is a strong need to develop alternatives. In this study, we base our research on the plant metabolite pulchrol, a natural benzochromene which has been shown to possess antiparasitic activity against <i>Trypanosoma</i ...[more]

PMID: 33019678

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Project description:N-substituted iminosugar analogues are potent inhibitors of glucosidases and glycosyltransferases with broad therapeutic applications, such as treatment of diabetes and Gaucher disease, immunosuppressive activities, and antibacterial and antiviral effects against HIV, HPV, hepatitis C, bovine diarrhea (BVDV), Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg viruses (MARV), influenza, Zika, and dengue virus. Based on our previous work on functionalized isomeric 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-gulitol (L-gulo-piperidines, with inverted configuration at C-2 and C-5 in respect to glucose or deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)) and 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-imino-D-mannitol (D-manno-azepane derivatives) cores N-linked to different sites of glucopyranose units, we continue our studies on these alternative iminosugars bearing simple N-alkyl chains instead of glucose to understand if these easily accessed scaffolds could preserve the inhibition profile of the corresponding glucose-based N-alkyl derivatives as DNJ cores found in miglustat and miglitol drugs. Thus, a small library of iminosugars (14 compounds) displaying different stereochemistry, ring size, and N-substitutions was successfully synthesized from a common precursor, D-mannitol, by utilizing an SN2 aminocyclization reaction via two isomeric bis-epoxides. The evaluation of the prospective inhibitors on glucosidases revealed that merely D-gluco-piperidine (miglitol, 41a) and L-ido-azepane (41b) DNJ-derivatives bearing the N-hydroxylethyl group showed inhibition towards α-glucosidase with IC50 41 µM and 138 µM, respectively, using DNJ as reference (IC50 134 µM). On the other hand, β-glucosidase inhibition was achieved for glucose-inverted configuration (C-2 and C-5) derivatives, as novel L-gulo-piperidine (27a) and D-manno-azepane (27b), preserving the N-butyl chain, with IC50 109 and 184 µM, respectively, comparable to miglustat with the same N-butyl substituent (40a, IC50 172 µM). Interestingly, the seven-membered ring L-ido-azepane (40b) displayed near twice the activity (IC50 80 µM) of the corresponding D-gluco-piperidine miglustat drug (40a). Furthermore, besides α-glucosidase inhibition, both miglitol (41a) and L-ido-azepane (41b) proved to be the strongest β-glucosidase inhibitors of the series with IC50 of 4 µM.

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SARs for the Antiparasitic Plant Metabolite Pulchrol. Part 2: B- and C-Ring Substituents.

Publications

SARs for the Antiparasitic Plant Metabolite Pulchrol. Part 2: B- and C-Ring Substituents.

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