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Omega-3 fatty acid supplement use and oxidative stress levels in pregnancy.

ABSTRACT: Oxidative stress is a biological imbalance in reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. Increased oxidative stress during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation may decrease oxidative stress; however, this relationship is seldom examined during pregnancy. This study assessed the association between n-3 FA supplement use during pregnancy and urinary oxidative stress biomarker concentrations. Data came from The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES), a prospective cohort study that recruited pregnant women in 4 US cities between 2010-2012. Third trimester n-3 FA intake was self-reported. Third trimester urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? (8-iso-PGF2?) was measured as an oxidative stress biomarker. Additionally, we measured the major metabolite of 8-iso-PGF2? and Prostaglandin F2? (PGF2?) and utilized the 8-iso-PGF2? to PGF2? ratio to calculate the change in 8-iso-PGF2? reflecting oxidative stress versus inflammation. Adjusted linear models were used to determine associations with control for confounding. Of 725 women, 165 reported n-3 FA supplement use in the third trimester. In adjusted linear models, n-3 FA use was associated with 10.2% lower levels of 8-iso-PGF2? (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -19.6, 0.25) and 10.3% lower levels of the metabolite (95% CI: -17.1, -2.91). No associations were observed with PGF2?. The lower levels of 8-iso-PGF2? appeared to reflect a decrease in oxidative stress (percent change with supplement use: -18.7, 95% CI: -30.1, -5.32) rather than inflammation. Overall, third trimester n-3 FA intake was associated with lower concentrations of 8-iso-PGF2? and its metabolite, suggesting a decrease in maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy.

SUBMITTER: Sley EG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7584173 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplement use and oxidative stress levels in pregnancy.

Sley Erin G EG Rosen Emma M EM van 't Erve Thomas J TJ Sathyanarayana Sheela S Barrett Emily S ES Nguyen Ruby H N RHN Bush Nicole R NR Milne Ginger L GL Swan Shanna H SH Ferguson Kelly K KK

PloS one 20201023 10

Oxidative stress is a biological imbalance in reactive oxygen species and antioxidants. Increased oxidative stress during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation may decrease oxidative stress; however, this relationship is seldom examined during pregnancy. This study assessed the association between n-3 FA supplement use during pregnancy and urinary oxidative stress biomarker concentrations. Data came from The Infant Development and ...[more]

PMID: 33095772

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Project description:ObjectiveThere has been a dramatic increase in the use of dietary supplements in Western societies over the past decades. Our understanding of the prevalence of ?-3 fatty acid supplement consumption is of significance for future nutrition planning, health promotion and care delivery. However, we know little about ?-3 fatty acid supplement consumption or users. This paper, drawing upon the largest dataset with regard to ?-3 fatty acid supplement use (n=266 848), examines the use and users of this supplement among a large sample of older Australians living in New South Wales.DesignA cross-sectional study. Data were analysed from the 45 and Up Study, the largest study of healthy ageing ever undertaken in the Southern Hemisphere.SettingNew South Wales, Australia.Participants266 848 participants of the 45 and Up Study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresParticipants' use of ?-3, demographics (geographical location, marital status, education level, income and level of healthcare insurance) and health status (quality of life, history of smoking and alcohol consumption, health conditions) were measured.ResultsOf the 266 848 participants, 32.6% reported having taken ?-3 in the 4 weeks prior to the survey. Use of ?-3 fatty acid supplements was higher among men, non-smokers, non-to-mild (alcoholic) drinkers, residing in a major city, having higher income and private health insurance. Osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, high cholesterol and anxiety and/or depression were positively associated with ?-3 fatty acid supplement use, while cancer and high blood pressure were negatively associated with use of ?-3 fatty acid supplements.ConclusionsThis study, analysing data from the 45 and Up Study cohort, suggests that a considerable proportion of older Australians consume ?-3 fatty acid supplements. There is a need for primary healthcare practitioners to enquire with patients about this supplement use and for work to ensure provision of good-quality information for patients and providers with regard to ?-3 fatty acid products.

Project description:ImportanceCurrent guidelines advocate the use of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids supplements for the prevention of coronary heart disease and major vascular events in people with prior coronary heart disease, but large trials of omega-3 fatty acids have produced conflicting results.ObjectiveTo conduct a meta-analysis of all large trials assessing the associations of omega-3 fatty acid supplements with the risk of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease and major vascular events in the full study population and prespecified subgroups.Data sources and study selectionThis meta-analysis included randomized trials that involved at least 500 participants and a treatment duration of at least 1 year and that assessed associations of omega-3 fatty acids with the risk of vascular events.Data extraction and synthesisAggregated study-level data were obtained from 10 large randomized clinical trials. Rate ratios for each trial were synthesized using observed minus expected statistics and variances. Summary rate ratios were estimated by a fixed-effects meta-analysis using 95% confidence intervals for major diseases and 99% confidence intervals for all subgroups.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcomes included fatal coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, major vascular events, and all-cause mortality, as well as major vascular events in study population subgroups.ResultsOf the 77 917 high-risk individuals participating in the 10 trials, 47 803 (61.4%) were men, and the mean age at entry was 64.0 years; the trials lasted a mean of 4.4 years. The associations of treatment with outcomes were assessed on 6273 coronary heart disease events (2695 coronary heart disease deaths and 2276 nonfatal myocardial infarctions) and 12 001 major vascular events. Randomization to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (eicosapentaenoic acid dose range, 226-1800 mg/d) had no significant associations with coronary heart disease death (rate ratio [RR], 0.93; 99% CI, 0.83-1.03; P = .05), nonfatal myocardial infarction (RR, 0.97; 99% CI, 0.87-1.08; P = .43) or any coronary heart disease events (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90-1.01; P = .12). Neither did randomization to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation have any significant associations with major vascular events (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.01; P = .10), overall or in any subgroups, including subgroups composed of persons with prior coronary heart disease, diabetes, lipid levels greater than a given cutoff level, or statin use.Conclusions and relevanceThis meta-analysis demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids had no significant association with fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease or any major vascular events. It provides no support for current recommendations for the use of such supplements in people with a history of coronary heart disease.

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplement use and oxidative stress levels in pregnancy.

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplement use and oxidative stress levels in pregnancy.

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