Dietary Quality Changes According to the Preceding Maximum Weight: A Longitudinal Analysis in the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Trial.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bouzas C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7600377 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Dietary Quality Changes According to the Preceding Maximum Weight: A Longitudinal Analysis in the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Trial.
Bouzas Cristina C Bibiloni Maria Del Mar MDM Garcia Silvia S Mateos David D Martínez-González Miguel Ángel MÁ Salas-Salvadó Jordi J Corella Dolores D Schröder Helmut H Martínez J Alfredo JA Alonso-Gómez Ángel M ÁM Wärnberg Julia J Vioque Jesús J Romaguera Dora D Lopez-Miranda José J Estruch Ramon R Tinahones Francisco J FJ Lapetra José J Serra-Majem Luís L Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora A Micó-Pérez Rafael M RM Pintó Xavier X Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel M Ortíz-Ramos María M Altés-Boronat Andreu A Luca Bogdana L BL Daimiel Lidia L Ros Emilio E Sayon-Orea Carmen C Becerra-Tomás Nerea N Gimenez-Alba Ignacio Manuel IM Castañer Olga O Abete Itziar I Tojal-Sierra Lucas L Pérez-López Jéssica J Bernabé-Casanova Andrea A Martin-Padillo Marian M Garcia-Rios Antonio A Castro-Barquero Sara S Fernández-García Juan C JC Santos-Lozano José Manuel JM Fernandez-Lazaro Cesar I CI Hernández-Alonso Pablo P Saiz Carmen C Zomeño Maria Dolors MD Zulet Maria Angeles MA Belló-Mora Maria C MC Basterra-Gortari F Javier FJ Canudas Silvia S Goday Albert A Tur Josep A JA
Nutrients 20201002 10
One-year dietary quality change according to the preceding maximum weight in a lifestyle intervention program (PREDIMED-Plus trial, 55-75-year-old overweight or obese adults; <i>n</i> = 5695) was assessed. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. A total of 3 groups were made according to the difference between baseline measured weight and lifetime maximum reported weight: (a) participants entering the study at their maximum weight, (b) moderate weight loss mai ...[more]
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Project description:PurposeLong-term nutrition trials may fail to respond to their original hypotheses if participants do not comply with the intended dietary intervention. We aimed to identify baseline factors associated with successful dietary changes towards an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in the PREDIMED-Plus randomized trial.MethodsLongitudinal analysis of 2985 participants (Spanish overweight/obese older adults with metabolic syndrome) randomized to the active intervention arm of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Dietary changes were assessed with a 17-item energy-reduced MedDiet questionnaire after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Successful compliance was defined as dietary changes from baseline of ≥ 5 points for participants with baseline scores < 13 points or any increase if baseline score was ≥ 13 points. We conducted crude and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models to identify baseline factors related to compliance.ResultsConsistent factors independently associated with successful dietary change at both 6 and 12 months were high baseline perceived self-efficacy in modifying diet (OR6-month: 1.51, 95% CI 1.25-1.83; OR12-month: 1.66, 95% CI 1.37-2.01), higher baseline fiber intake (OR6-month: 1.62, 95% CI 1.07-2.46; OR12-month: 1.62, 95% CI 1.07-2.45), having > 3 chronic conditions (OR6-month: 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.79; OR12-month: 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.93), and suffering depression (OR6-month: 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99; OR12-month: 0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.88).ConclusionOur results suggested that recruitment of individuals with high perceived self-efficacy to dietary change, and those who initially follow diets relatively richer in fiber may lead to greater changes in nutritional recommendations. Participants with multiple chronic conditions, specifically depression, should receive specific tailored interventions.Trial registrationISRCTN registry 89898870, 24th July 2014 retrospectively registered http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870 .
| S-EPMC8921156 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe optimal distribution between physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) for the greatest benefits for body composition among older adults with overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prospective association between changes in PA and in SB with concurrent changes in body composition and to examine whether reallocating inactive time into different physical activity levels was associated with 12-month change to body composition in older adults.MethodsLongitudinal assessment nested in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A subsample (n = 1564) of men and women (age 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from both arms of the PREDIMED-Plus trial was included in the present analysis. Participants were followed up at 6 and 12 months. Physical activity and SB were assessed using validated questionnaires. Out of 1564 participants, 388 wore an accelerometer to objectively measure inactive time and PA over a 7-day period. At each time point, participants' body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard covariate-adjusted and isotemporal substitution modelling were applied to linear mixed-effects models.ResultsIncreasing 30 min of total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with significant reductions in body fat (β - 0.07% and - 0.08%) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (- 13.9 g, and - 15.6 g) at 12 months (all p values < 0.001). Reallocating 30 min of inactive time to MVPA was associated with reductions in body fat and VAT and with an increase in muscle mass and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (all p values < 0.001).ConclusionsAt 12 months, increasing total PA and MVPA and reducing total SB and TV-viewing SB were associated with improved body composition in participants with overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This was also observed when substituting 30 min of inactive time with total PA, LPA and MVPA, with the greatest benefits observed with MVPA.Trial registrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN), 89898870 . Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014.
| S-EPMC7786490 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Consumption of certain foods is associated with long-term weight gains and abdominal fat accumulation in healthy, middle-aged and young, non-obese participants. Whether the same foods might be associated with changes in adiposity in elderly population at high cardiovascular risk is less known. OBJECTIVE:Using yearly repeated measurements of both food habits and adiposity parameters, we aimed to investigate how changes in the consumption of specific foods were associated with concurrent changes in weight or waist circumference (WC) in the PREDIMED trial. DESIGN:We followed-up 7009 participants aged 55-70 years at high cardiovascular risk for a median time of 4.8 years. A validated 137-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for dietary assessment with yearly repeated measurements. We longitudinally assessed associations between yearly changes in food consumption (serving/d) and concurrent changes in weight (kg) or WC (cm). RESULTS:Yearly increments in weight were observed with increased consumption (kg per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) for refined grains (0.32 kg/serving/d), red meat (0.24), potatoes (0.23), alcoholic beverages (0.18), processed meat (0.15), white bread (0.07) and sweets (0.04); whereas inverse associations were detected for increased consumption of low-fat yogurt (- 0.18), and low-fat milk (- 0.06). Annual WC gain (cm per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) occurred with increased consumption of snacks, fast-foods and pre-prepared dishes (0.28), processed meat (0.18), alcoholic beverages (0.13), and sweets (0.08); whereas increased consumption of vegetables (- 0.23), and nuts (- 0.17), were associated with reductions in WC. CONCLUSIONS:In this assessment conducted in high-risk subjects using yearly repeated measurements of food habits and adiposity, some ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates (including white bread), potatoes, red meats and alcohol were associated with higher weight and WC gain, whereas increases in consumption of low-fat dairy products and plant foods were associated with less gain in weight and WC. TRIAL REGISTRATION:This study was registered at controlled-trials.com with International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005.
| S-EPMC6935084 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Childhood psychotic experiences (PEs), such as seeing or hearing things that others do not, or extreme paranoia, are relatively common with around 1 in 20 children reporting them at age 12. Childhood PEs are often distressing and can be predictive of schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders, and suicide attempts in adulthood, particularly if they persist during adolescence. Previous research has demonstrated that methylomic signatures in blood could be potential biomarkers of psychotic phenomena. This study explores the association between DNA methylation (DNAm) and the emergence, persistence, and remission of PEs in childhood and adolescence. DNAm profiles were obtained from the ALSPAC cohort at birth, age 7, and age 15/17 (n = 901). PEs were assessed through interviews with participants at ages 12 and 18. We identified PE-associated probes (p < 5 × 10-5) and regions (corrected p < 0.05) at ages 12 and 18. Several of the differentially methylated probes were also associated with the continuity of PEs across adolescence. One probe (cg16459265), detected consistently at multiple timepoints in the study sample, was replicated in an independent sample of twins (n = 1658). Six regions, including those spanning the HLA-DBP2 and GDF7 genes, were consistently differentially methylated at ages 7 and 15-17. Findings from this large, population-based study suggest that DNAm at multiple stages of development may be associated with PEs in late childhood and adolescence, though further replication is required. Research uncovering biomarkers associated with pre-clinical PEs is important as it has the potential to facilitate early identification of individuals at increased risk who could benefit from preventive interventions.
| S-EPMC6361958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We assessed if a 17-item score capturing adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with better health-related quality of life among older Spanish men and women with overweight or obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed baseline data from 6430 men and women (age 55-70 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus study. PREDIMED-Plus is a multi-centre randomized trial testing an energy-restricted MedDiet combined with promotion of physical activity and behavioral therapy for primary cardiovascular prevention compared to a MedDiet alone. Participants answered a 36-item questionnaire about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a 17-item questionnaire that assessed adherence to an MedDiet. We used ANCOVA and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models to compare baseline adjusted means of the quality of life scales according to categories of adherence to the MedDiet. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was independently associated with significantly better scores in the eight dimensions of HRQoL. Adjusted differences of > = 3 points between the highest and the lowest dietary adherence groups to the MedDiet were observed for vitality, emotional role, and mental health and of > = 2 points for the other dimensions. In conclusion, this study shows a positive association between adherence to a MedDiet and several dimensions of quality of life.
| S-EPMC6005498 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ScopeDairy consumption has been suggested to impact cognition; however, evidence is limited and inconsistent. This study aims to longitudinally assess the association between dairy consumption with cognitive changes in an older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk.Methods and resultsFour thousand six hundred sixty eight participants aged 55-75 years, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline and a neuropsychological battery of tests at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable linear regression models are used, scaled by 100 (i.e., the units of β correspond to 1 SD/100), to assess associations between baseline tertile daily consumption and 2-year changes in cognitive performance. Participants in the highest tertile of total milk and whole-fat milk consumption have a greater decline in global cognitive function (β: -4.71, 95% CI: -8.74 to -0.69, p-trend = 0.020 and β: -6.64, 95% CI: -10.81 to -2.47, p-trend = 0.002, respectively) compared to those in the lowest tertile. No associations are observed between low fat milk, yogurt, cheese or fermented dairy consumption, and changes in cognitive performance.ConclusionResults suggest there are no clear prospective associations between consumption of most commonly consumed dairy products and cognition, although there may be an association with a greater rate of cognitive decline over a 2-year period in older adults at high cardiovascular disease risk for whole-fat milk.
| S-EPMC9541289 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: Dietary fat-driven hyperphagia increase intestinal growth and permeability and create microbial imbalance in the gut. Over-nutrition coupled with increase in intestinal nutrient absorbance capacity then lead to nutrient overload in the liver, visceral adipose tissue followed by ectopic fat deposition with consequential lipotoxicity and inflammation. We investigated how protein quantity (10-30%) and quality (casein and whey) interact with dietary fat (20-55%) to affect these outcomes in adult mice. High (30%) protein groups showed differential response to high fat diets (40 and 55% fat) and these groups were selected for RNA-seq experiments. RNA-seq was performed on RNA extracted from the jejunum, liver and hypothalami of mice exposed to the different diets. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice used in this work. All mice were fed a 20% kcal casein, 10% kcal fat and 70% kcal carbohydrate diet (Research Diets; USA; D12450Bi), until they were aged 20 weeks. Following 15 weeks of intake of the latter diet (at age 20 weeks), all animals were weight matched and randomly allocated to different groups and switched to experimental diets for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of dietary interventions all animals were sacrificed and dissected. Methods: The dietary treatments consisted of 3 different levels of dietary fat (20, 40 and 55%) combined with 3 different levels of protein (10, 20 and 30%), each replicated with the protein coming from either casein (CAS) (diet codes: D17052701- D17052709) or whey protein isolate (WPI) (diet codes: D17052710- D17052718). The levels of cellulose and sucrose were fixed at 5% by weight and energy respectively. The carbohydrate (starch) amount was reduced in parallel with increase of dietary protein and fat. All these diets can be ordered direct from research diets (www.researchdiets.com) using the diet codes provided. The 18 different treatments with 12 mice per group, where mice were housed in cages of 3 animals. Methods: The hypothalamus, liver, and jejunum of all animals from 30% protein groups (6 diets [D17052703, D17052706, D17052709, D17052712, D17052715, D17052718], 71 animals) were collected. Total RNA was extracted from hypothalamic blocks using Tri-reagent (Sigma) and from liver and jejunum using the RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN, 74104) according to manufacture instructions. Hypothalamic RNA was paired-end (PE) sequenced by PE100 on BGISEQ-500 platform at Beijing Genomic Institute (PE 2 x 75 bp, 150 bp per fragment, 20M read-pairs per sample). Sequencing of liver and jejunal RNA was performed using the NovaSeq 6000 platform (chemistry V4.0 Illumina) at Macrogen Inc Seoul, South Korea (PE 2 x 75 bp, 150 bp per fragment, 25M read-pairs per sample). Raw sequence reads were obtained in FASTQ format and these sequence reads were quality assessed using the software FastQC (v 0.111.58; http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/). Sequences from all samples were quality trimmed, and cleaned of adaptor sequences using BBDuk java package to trim Illumina adapter sequences. On average 0.1% of the bases were trimmed per sample. Trimmed reads were aligned to the Mus musculus reference genome assembly GRCm38 (ftp://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/release-96/fasta/mus_musculus/dna/) using STAR RNA-seq aligner v2.5.2, and uniquely mapped read counts per Ensembl annotated gene/ transcript were estimated using the STAR -- quantMode option. Genes with zero read counts across all samples as well as non-protein coding genes were removed prior to subsequent analysis. Differential gene expression analysis and data transformations and visualization were carried out using DeSeq2 v1.18.1 in R 3.5.2. Sample clustering was carried out on variance stabilizing transformed data and visualised using PCA. Differentially expressed genes lists were generated using a negative binomial generalized linear model and pairwise comparisons using each combination of fat and protein content in each tissue. P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Benjamini and Hochberg (B-H) method. DE genes with an adjusted P value < 0.05 were used for further DE gene data exploration and pathway analysis. The fold changes and p values were loaded into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) program (Ingenuity Systems; http://www.ingenuity.com/) for core analysis. IPA Knowledge Database was used to analyse the dietary impacts on canonical pathways and upstream regulators available in IPA. Results: Differential gene expression and IPA results revealed that jejunal immunity of the high (30%) CAS fed groups at 40 and 55% fat was oriented toward pro-inflammatory responses, whereas the corresponding WPI fed groups showed a reduction of inflammation. The liver transcriptome reveals genes involved in FA/lipid uptake and synthesis to be upregulated and genes involved in FA/lipid degradation were downregulated following a proportional increase of dietary fat (20 to 55%) in 30% CAS fed animals and these effects were not seen in WPI fed animals. In the hypothalamus, the intake of 40 and 55% fat significantly increased the number of differentially expressed genes compared to 20% fat. The effect of protein quality on hypothalamic gene expression (CAS vs WPI) was only seen at the highest fat content (55%), where several changes in signalling pathways were seen in WPI relative to CAS. These include a decreased reactive oxygen species production, reduction interleukin and chemokine inflammatory pathways and increased oxidative phosphorylation compared with mice fed CAS and 55% fat. Conclusions: Analysis of jejunal, liver and hypothalamic transcriptomic revealed that the intake of high WPI impeded the negative effects of high fat feeding (increased lipogenesis in the liver, inflammation, activation of disease-related pathways etc.), whereas the intake of high CAS exacerbated these effects. The data highlight the importance of selecting proteins rich in essential amino acids, for improving the metabolic outcomes of high fat diet.
2021-04-01 | GSE167498 | GEO
Project description:Mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes must achieve high strength levels to face the physical demands of an MMA fight. This study compared MMA athletes’ maximal isometric and dynamic strength according to the competitive level and weight class. Twenty-one male MMA athletes were divided into lightweight professional (LWP; n = 9), lightweight elite (LWE; n = 4), heavyweight professional (HWP; n = 4), and heavyweight elite (HWE; n = 4). The handgrip and isometric lumbar strength tests assessed the isometric strength, and the one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and 4RM leg press the dynamic strength. Univariate ANOVA showed differences between groups in absolute and relative 1RM bench press and absolute isometric lumbar strength. Post hoc tests showed differences in 1RM bench press between HWE and LWE (117.0 ± 17.8 kg vs. 81.0 ± 10.0 kg) and HWE and LWP athletes (117.0 ± 17.8 kg vs. 76.7 ± 13.7 kg; 1.5 ± 0.2 kg·BW−1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2 kg·BW−1). In addition, there was a correlation between 1RM bench press and isometric lumbar strength for absolute (r = 0.67) and relative values (r = 0.50). This study showed that the 1RM bench press and isometric lumbar strength were associated and could differentiate MMA athletes according to their competitive level and weight class. Therefore, optimizing the force production in the upper body and lower back seems important in elite and professional MMA athletes.
| S-EPMC9323058 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCross-sectionally, older age and obesity are associated with increased coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) risk. We assessed the longitudinal associations of baseline and changes in adiposity parameters with COVID-19 incidence in older adults at high cardiovascular risk.MethodsThis analysis included 6874 men and women (aged 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus lifestyle intervention trial for cardiovascular risk reduction. Body weight, body-mass-index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and a body shape index (ABSI) were measured at baseline and annual follow-up visits. COVID-19 was ascertained by an independent Event Committee until 31 December 2021. Cox regression models were fitted to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 incidence based on baseline adiposity parameters measured 5-6 years before the pandemic and their changes at the visit prior to censoring.ResultsAt the time of censoring, 653 incident COVID-19 cases occurred. Higher baseline body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and WHtR were associated with increased COVID-19 risk. During the follow-up, every unit increase in body weight (HRadj (95%CI): 1.01 (1.00, 1.03)) and BMI (HRadj: 1.04 (1.003, 1.08)) was associated with increased COVID-19 risk.ConclusionsIn older adults with overweight/obesity, clinically significant weight loss may protect against COVID-19.Trial registrationThis study is registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCT; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870 ).
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Project description:Body weight dissatisfaction is a hindrance to following a healthy lifestyle and it has been associated with weight concerns. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle (diet and exercise) and the desired body weight loss in an adult Mediterranean population with overweight. Cross-sectional analysis in 6355 participants (3268 men; 3087 women) with metabolic syndrome and BMI (Body mass index) between 27.0 and 40.0 kg/m2 (55-75 years old) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Desired weight loss was the percentage of weight that participants wished to lose. It was categorized into four cut-offs of this percentage (Q1: <10%, n = 1495; Q2: 10-15%, n = 1804; Q3: <15-20%, n = 1470; Q4: ≥20%, n = 1589). Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a 17-item Mediterranean diet questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed by the validated Minnesota-REGICOR and the validated Spanish version of the Nurses' Health Study questionnaire. Participants reporting higher percentages of desired weight loss (Q3 and Q4) were younger, had higher real and perceived BMI and were more likely to have abdominal obesity. Desired weight loss correlated inversely to physical activity (Q1: 2106 MET min/week; Q4: 1585 MET min/week. p < 0.001) and adherence to Mediterranean diet (Q1: 8.7; Q4: 8.3. p < 0.001). In older Mediterranean individuals with weight excess, desired weight loss was inversely associated with Mediterranean lifestyle adherence. Deeply rooted aspects of the MedDiet remained similar across groups. Longitudinal research is advised to be able to establish causality.
| S-EPMC7400596 | biostudies-literature