Dataset Information

The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research.

ABSTRACT: (1) Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approaches are widely used to study cortical and corticospinal function. However, responses to TMS are subject to significant intra-and inter-individual variability. Acute and chronic exposure to recreational substances alters the excitability of the sensorimotor system and may contribute to the variability in TMS outcome measures. The increasing prevalence of recreational substance use poses a significant challenge for executing TMS studies, but there is a lack of clarity regarding the influence of these substances on sensorimotor function. (2) Methods: The literature investigating the influence of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and cannabis on TMS outcome measures of corticospinal, intracortical and interhemispheric excitability was reviewed. (3) Results: Both acute and chronic use of recreational substances modulates TMS measures of excitability. Despite the abundance of research in this field, we identify knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies to better understand the influence of these substances on TMS outcomes. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the need for TMS studies to take into consideration the history of participant substance use and to control for acute substance use prior to testing.

SUBMITTER: Turco CV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7603156 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research.

Turco Claudia V CV Arsalan Sarah O SO Nelson Aimee J AJ

Brain sciences 20201018 10

(1) Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approaches are widely used to study cortical and corticospinal function. However, responses to TMS are subject to significant intra-and inter-individual variability. Acute and chronic exposure to recreational substances alters the excitability of the sensorimotor system and may contribute to the variability in TMS outcome measures. The increasing prevalence of recreational substance use poses a significant challenge for executing TMS studie ...[more]

PMID: 33080965

Similar Datasets

Project description:Rationale and objectivesDifferences among psychedelic substances regarding their subjective experiences are clinically and scientifically interesting. Quantitative linguistic analysis is a powerful tool to examine such differences. This study compared five psychedelic substance report groups and a non-psychedelic report group on quantitative linguistic markers of psychological states and processes derived from recreational use-based online experience reports.MethodsUsing 2947 publicly available online reports, we compared Ayahuasca and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT, analyzed together), ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin (mushroom), and antidepressant drug use experiences. We examined word frequencies related to various psychological states and processes and semantic proximity to psychedelic and mystical experience scales.ResultsLinguistic markers of psychological function indicated distinct effect profiles. For example, MDMA experience reports featured an emotionally intensifying profile accompanied by many cognitive process words and dynamic-personal language. In contrast, Ayahuasca and DMT experience reports involved relatively little emotional language, few cognitive process words, increased analytical thinking-associated language, and the most semantic similarity with psychedelic and mystical experience descriptions. LSD, psilocybin mushroom, and ketamine reports showed only small differences on the emotion-, analytical thinking-, psychedelic, and mystical experience-related language outcomes. Antidepressant reports featured more negative emotional and cognitive process-related words, fewer positive emotional and analytical thinking-related words, and were generally not similar to mystical and psychedelic language.ConclusionThis article addresses an existing research gap regarding the comparison of different psychedelic drugs on linguistic profiles of psychological states, processes, and experiences. The large sample of experience reports involving multiple psychedelic drugs provides valuable information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. The results could inform experimental research into psychedelic drug effects in healthy populations and clinical trials for psychedelic treatments of psychiatric problems.

Project description:BackgroundSubstance use disorders, which include substance abuse and substance dependence, are present in all regions of the world including Middle Eastern Arab countries. Bibliometric analysis is an increasingly used tool for research assessment. The main objective of this study was to assess research productivity in the field of substance use disorders in Arab countries using bibliometric indicators.MethodologyOriginal or review research articles authored or co-authored by investigators from Arab countries about substance use disorders during the period 1900-2013 were retrieved using the ISI Web of Science database. Research activity was assessed by analyzing the annual research productivity, contribution of each Arab country, names of journals, citations, and types of abused substances.ResultsFour hundred and thirteen documents in substance use disorders were retrieved. Annual research productivity was low but showed a significant increase in the last few years. In terms of quantity, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (83 documents) ranked first in research about substance use disorders while Lebanon (17.4 documents per million) ranked first in terms of number of documents published per million inhabitants. Retrieved documents were found in different journal titles and categories, mostly in Drug and Alcohol Dependence Journal. Authors from USA appeared in 117 documents published by investigators from Arab countries. Citation analysis of retrieved documents showed that the average citation per document was 10.76 and the h - index was 35. The majority of retrieved documents were about tobacco and smoking (175 documents) field while alcohol consumption and abuse research was the least with 69 documents.ConclusionThe results obtained suggest that research in this field was largely neglected in the past. However, recent research interest was observed. Research output on tobacco and smoking was relatively high compared to other substances of abuse like illicit drugs and medicinal agents. Governmental funding for academics and mental health graduate programs to do research in the field of substance use disorders is highly recommended.

Project description:Background: We seek to understand correlates of chronic stress and their influence on the development of substance use in a population-based cohort of young adults (OYSUP). Methodology: We evaluated clinical features, salivary RNA metrics and differential expression of candidate genes in unfractionated saliva samples from 48 individuals (31% female, 55% ever-smoking) randomly selected from two groups stratified by high versus low severe negative life events and difficulties within the last year as as measured by the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS, Brown & Harris, 1978). We used multiple analytical platforms, multiple reference genes and 18 replicates of all gene expression assays (assays). We chose 38 candidate genes previously identified as differentially expressed in a genome-wide scan of monocyte RNA in 11 familial caregivers of glioblastoma multiforme patients and 10 control subjects matched on age (middle-aged), gender (57% female), ethnicity and marital status and free of major stressors during the previous year. Principal Findings: We observed significant differences in smoking prevalence (Pearson’s ?22d.f.=4.5, P=0.035) and RNA integrity score (t=2.12, P=0.039) between stress strata. We analyzed quantitative PCR data using both the comparative standard curve (CSC) and relative standard curve (RSC) methods because 34% of assays had efficiency estimates <90%. Assay data exhibited excellent linearity and low variability. We observed significant under expression of five assays in the high stress stratum using both methods, four of which interrogate glucocorticoid receptor regulated genes. Post-hoc analyses identified significant associations of RNA yield, integrity score, gender, ever-smoking and/or stress with results of normalized gene expression in 22/37 assays. IL8 expression remained significantly associated with chronic stress after adjustment for clinical and salivary RNA variables. Salivary IL8 expression has been previously associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. Conclusions: A gene expression signature of chronic stress previously observed in adult hematopoietic samples is observed in the unfractionated saliva of young adults. Future investigation will need to analyze associated clinical, metabolic, meta-genomic, and proteomic components of unfractionated saliva to elucidate factors influencing the salivary transcriptome. Gene expression was performed on a Fluidigm 48 x 48 array on 48 individuals for 38 target genes and 6 possible reference genes (represented by 9 reference assays) in triplicate. Quantitative Q-PCR datas were normalized according to relative levels of four reference genes (CDKN1B, YWHAZ, RPL13A, and UBC).

Dataset Information

The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research.

Publications

The Influence of Recreational Substance Use in TMS Research.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets