Dataset Information

Dietary Slowly Digestible Starch Triggers the Gut-Brain Axis in Obese Rats with Accompanied Reduced Food Intake.

ABSTRACT: SCOPE:Slowly digestible starch (SDS), as a functional carbohydrate providing a slow and sustained glucose release, may be able to modulate food intake through activation of the gut-brain axis. METHODS AND RESULTS:Diet-induced obese rats were used to test the effect on feeding behavior of high-fat (HF) diets containing an SDS, fabricated to digest into the ileum, as compared to rapidly digestible starch (RDS). Ingestion of the HF-SDS diet over an 11-week period reduced daily food intake, through smaller meal size, to the same level as a lean body control group, while the group consuming the HF-RDS diet remained at a high food intake. Expression levels (mRNA) of the hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were significantly reduced, and the anorexigenic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was increased, in the HF-SDS fed group compared to the HF-RDS group, and to the level of the lean control group. CONCLUSION:SDS with digestion into the ileum reduced daily food intake and paralleled suppressed expression of appetite-stimulating neuropeptide genes associated with the gut-brain axis. This novel finding suggests further exploration involving a clinical study and potential development of SDS-based functional foods as an approach to obesity control.

SUBMITTER: Hasek LY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7605816 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary Slowly Digestible Starch Triggers the Gut-Brain Axis in Obese Rats with Accompanied Reduced Food Intake.

Hasek Like Y LY Phillips Robert J RJ Zhang Genyi G Kinzig Kimberly P KP Kim Choon Young CY Powley Terry L TL Hamaker Bruce R BR

Molecular nutrition & food research 20180222 5

<h4>Scope</h4>Slowly digestible starch (SDS), as a functional carbohydrate providing a slow and sustained glucose release, may be able to modulate food intake through activation of the gut-brain axis.<h4>Methods and results</h4>Diet-induced obese rats were used to test the effect on feeding behavior of high-fat (HF) diets containing an SDS, fabricated to digest into the ileum, as compared to rapidly digestible starch (RDS). Ingestion of the HF-SDS diet over an 11-week period reduced daily food i ...[more]

PMID: 29230947

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Project description:Previously, we have identified and characterized 4,6-?-glucanotransferase enzymes of the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 70 (GH70) that cleave (?1?4)-linkages in amylose and introduce (?1?6)-linkages in linear chains. The 4,6-?-glucanotransferase of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, for instance, converts amylose into an isomalto/malto-polysaccharide (IMMP) with 90% (?1?6)-linkages. Over the years, also, branching sucrase enzymes belonging to GH70 have been characterized. These enzymes use sucrose as a donor substrate to glucosylate dextran as an acceptor substrate, introducing single -(1?2,6)-?-d-Glcp-(1?6)- (Leuconostoc citreum enzyme) or -(1?3,6)-?-d-Glcp-(1?6)-branches (Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc fallax, Lactobacillus kunkeei enzymes). In this work, we observed that the catalytic domain 2 of the L. kunkeei branching sucrase used not only dextran but also IMMP as the acceptor substrate, introducing -(1?3,6)-?-d-Glcp-(1?6)-branches. The products obtained have been structurally characterized in detail, revealing the addition of single (?1?3)-linked glucose units to IMMP (resulting in a comb-like structure). The in vitro digestibility of the various ?-glucans was estimated with the glucose generation rate (GGR) assay that uses rat intestinal acetone powder to simulate the digestive enzymes in the upper intestine. Raw wheat starch is known to be a slowly digestible carbohydrate in mammals and was used as a benchmark control. Compared to raw wheat starch, IMMP and dextran showed reduced digestibility, with partially digestible and indigestible portions. Interestingly, the digestibility of the branching sucrase modified IMMP and dextran products considerably decreased with increasing percentages of (?1?3)-linkages present. The treatment of amylose with 4,6-?-glucanotransferase and branching sucrase/sucrose thus allowed for the synthesis of amylose/starch derived ?-glucans with markedly reduced digestibility. These starch derived ?-glucans may find applications in the food industry.

Project description:Genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) should play an important role in the selection of suitable germplasm in breeding programmes. We here assessed GEI effects on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) genotypes, selected to possess a high concentration of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) in their grains. Entries were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at locations in Bawku-Ghana, Sadore-Niger, Bamako-Mali, Konni-Nigeria, and Gampella-Burkina Faso across West Africa. Harvested grains from these locations were metabolomically profiled using flow injection ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS). A total of 3144 mass features (m/z) (1560 negative ion mode and 1584 positive ion mode) were detected, of which, 475 m/z were linked to metabolites be involved in starch, antioxidant and lipid biosynthesis, and vitamin metabolism. Combined ANOVA revealed that the GEI was significantly evident for 54 health-benefiting metabolites, many associated with sugar, especially galactose, metabolism. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis examined genotype variation and GEI effects, which, when combined with principal component analysis (PCA), found that m/z 171.14864 (positive ionisation, propenyl heptanoate) accounted for 89% of the GEI variation along PC1. The AMMI-based stability parameter (ASTAB), modified AMMI stability value (MASV), and modified AMMI stability index (MASI) were then applied to identify stable and high-performing genotypes for all the health-benefiting metabolites. Similarly, the best-linear-unbiased-prediction (BLUP)-based stability estimation was also performed using the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV), and harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV), to identify genotype rankings across multiple environments. The multi-trait stability index (MTSI) was calculated and found that the genotypes G1 (ICMH-177111) and G24 (ICMX-207137) were the most stable and were the best mean performers across 52 health-benefiting metabolic traits. These findings demonstrate the potential of G × E assessments on the delivery of health-benefiting metabolite-rich grains in future varieties and hybrids of pearl millet.

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Project description:BackgroundType 2 resistant starch (RS2) has been shown to improve metabolic health outcomes and may increase satiety and suppress appetite and food intake in humans.ObjectiveThis study assessed whether 12 weeks of daily RS2 supplementation could influence appetite perception, food intake, and appetite-related gut hormones in adults with prediabetes, relative to the control (CTL) group.DesignThe study was a randomized controlled trial and analysis of secondary study end points.Participants/settingSixty-eight adults (body mass index ≥27) aged 35 to 75 years with prediabetes were enrolled in the study at Pennington Biomedical Research Center (2012 to 2016). Fifty-nine subjects were included in the analysis.InterventionParticipants were randomized to consume 45 g/day of high-amylose maize (RS2) or an isocaloric amount of the rapidly digestible starch amylopectin (CTL) for 12 weeks.Main outcome measuresSubjective appetite measures were assessed via visual analogue scale and the Eating Inventory; appetite-related gut hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide YY, and ghrelin) were measured during a standard mixed-meal test; and energy and macronutrient intake were assessed by a laboratory food intake (buffet) test, the Remote Food Photography Method, and SmartIntake app.Statistical analyses performedData were analyzed using linear mixed models, adjusting for treatment group and time as fixed effects, with a significance level of α=.05.ResultsRS2 had no effect on subjective measures of appetite, as assessed by visual analogue scale (P>0.05) and the Eating Inventory (P≥0.24), relative to the CTL group. There were no effects of RS2 supplementation on appetite-related gut hormones, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (P=0.61), peptide YY (P=0.34), and both total (P=0.26) and active (P=0.47) ghrelin compared with the CTL. RS2 had no effect on total energy (P=0.30), carbohydrate (P=0.11), protein (P=0.64), or fat (P=0.37) consumption in response to a buffet meal test, relative to the CTL. In addition, total energy (P=0.40), carbohydrate (P=0.15), protein (P=0.46), and fat (P=0.53) intake, as quantified by the Remote Food Photography Method, were also unaffected by RS2, relative to the CTL.ConclusionsRS2 supplementation did not increase satiety or reduce appetite and food intake in adults with prediabetes.

Dataset Information

Dietary Slowly Digestible Starch Triggers the Gut-Brain Axis in Obese Rats with Accompanied Reduced Food Intake.

Publications

Dietary Slowly Digestible Starch Triggers the Gut-Brain Axis in Obese Rats with Accompanied Reduced Food Intake.

Similar Datasets

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