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Complete mitochondrial genome of Tropidophorus hangnam (Squamata: Scincidae) with phylogenetic analysis.

ABSTRACT: The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Tropidophorus hangnam was sequenced from its paratype (GenBank accession no. MN977920). It was 16,777 bp in length with a base composition of 31.99% A, 29.49% C, 14.34% G, and 24.18% T, and a GC content of 43.83%. The genome includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region (D loop). Most T. hangnam genes are located on the H strand, except for the ND6 gene and eight tRNA genes, which are located on the L strand. Phylogenetic analyses based on 13 PCGs indicated that T. hangnam is sister to the clade composed of the genera Scincella and Sphenomorphus. The newly sequenced T. hangnam mitogenome will provide basic data for further studies on the genetic diversity and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the genus Tropidophorus.

SUBMITTER: Duangjai S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7655071 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:In order to adapt to diverse habitats, organisms often evolve corresponding adaptive mechanisms to cope with their survival needs. The species-rich family of Scincidae contains both limbed and limbless species, which differ fundamentally in their locomotor demands, such as relying on the movement of limbs or only body swing to move. Locomotion requires energy, and different types of locomotion have their own energy requirements. Mitochondria are the energy factories of living things, which provide a lot of energy for various physiological activities of organisms. Therefore, mitochondrial genomes could be tools to explore whether the limb loss of skinks are selected by adaptive evolution. Isopachys gyldenstolpei is a typical limbless skink. Here, we report the complete mitochondrial genomes of I. gyldenstolpei, Sphenomorphus indicus, and Tropidophorus hainanus. The latter two species were included as limbed comparator species to the limbless I. gyldenstolpei. The results showed that the full lengths of the mitochondrial genomes of I. gyldenstolpei, S. indicus, and T. hainanus were 17,210, 16,944, and 17,001 bp, respectively. Three mitochondrial genomes have typical circular double-stranded structures similar to other reptiles, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and the control region. Three mitochondrial genomes obtained in this study were combined with fifteen mitochondrially complete genomes of Scincidae in the NCBI database; the phylogenetic relationship between limbless I. gyldenstolpei and limbed skinks (S. indicus and T. hainanus) is discussed. Through BI and ML trees, Sphenomorphinae and Mabuyinae were monophyletic, while the paraphyly of Scincinae was also recovered. The limbless skink I. gyldenstolpei is closer to the species of Tropidophorus, which has formed a sister group with (T. hainanus + T. hangman). In the mitochondrial genome adaptations between limbless I. gyldenstolpei and limbed skinks, one positively selected site was found in the branch-site model analysis, which was located in ND2 (at position 28, BEB value = 0.907). Through analyzing the protein structure and function of the selected site, we found it was distributed in mitochondrial protein complex I. Positive selection of some mitochondrial genes in limbless skinks may be related to the requirement of energy to fit in their locomotion. Further research is still needed to confirm this conclusion though.

Dataset Information

Complete mitochondrial genome of Tropidophorus hangnam (Squamata: Scincidae) with phylogenetic analysis.

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