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Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Through effects on nitric oxide bioavailability, vascular endothelial function is improved after the intake of a high amount of nitrate or L-arginine, but decreased after the intake of a high-fat meal. Therefore, we compared the effects of beetroot powder with or without L-arginine on postprandial brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) after consumption of a high-fat mixed-meal. METHODS:Eighteen abdominally obese men completed this randomized, double-blinded, cross-over trial. The study consisted of five test days, each separated by a wash-out period of at least one week. Participants received in random order, a blended meal with a control or nutritional supplement consisting of beetroot powder providing 200 mg nitrate, beetroot with 0.8 g of L-arginine, beetroot with 1.5 g of L-arginine, or 3.0 g of L-arginine. Participants then fasted and 2 h postprandial FMD measurements were performed. RESULTS:No significant differences between meals were observed for postprandial FMD (p = 0.45) levels. However, there was a non-significant trend towards a more beneficial postprandial FMD response with the beetroot-containing meals as compared with meals without beetroot. CONCLUSION:This trial could not provide evidence for beneficial additive effects of a single dose of beetroot powder combined with L-arginine on postprandial endothelial function in abdominally obese men.

SUBMITTER: Smeets ETHC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7697292 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men.

Smeets Ellen T H C ETHC Mensink Ronald P RP Hoeks Joris J de Vogel-Van den Bosch Johan J Hageman Robert J J RJJ Joris Peter J PJ

Nutrients 20201116 11

<h4>Background</h4>Through effects on nitric oxide bioavailability, vascular endothelial function is improved after the intake of a high amount of nitrate or L-arginine, but decreased after the intake of a high-fat meal. Therefore, we compared the effects of beetroot powder with or without L-arginine on postprandial brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) after consumption of a high-fat mixed-meal.<h4>Methods</h4>Eighteen abdominally obese men completed this randomized, double-blinded, ...[more]

PMID: 33207606

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Project description:Background: Postprandial hyperlipidemia is associated with impaired endothelial function. Peanut consumption favorably affects the lipid and lipoprotein profile; however, the effects on endothelial function remain unclear.Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of acute peanut consumption as part of a high-fat meal on postprandial endothelial function.Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover postprandial study to evaluate the effect of acute peanut consumption on postprandial lipids and endothelial function as assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery in 15 healthy overweight or obese men [mean age: 26.7 y; mean body mass index (in kg/m2): 31.4]. Participants consumed, in a randomized order, a peanut meal containing 3 ounces (85 g) ground peanuts (1198 kcal; 40.0% carbohydrate, 47.7% fat, 19.4% saturated fat, 13.2% protein) and a control meal matched for energy and macronutrient content. Meals were in the form of a shake, scheduled ≥1 wk apart. Lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin were measured at baseline (0 min) and at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after shake consumption. FMD was measured at baseline and at 240 min.Results: Acute peanut consumption blunted the serum triglyceride (TG) response 120 and 240 min after consumption compared with the control meal (means ± SEMs-120 min: 188.9 ± 19.4 compared with 197.5 ± 20.7 mg/dL; 240 min: 189.9 ± 24.3 compared with 197.3 ± 18.4 mg/dL; P < 0.05 for both). Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and glucose and insulin responses were similar between the test meals. Compared with baseline, only the control meal significantly decreased FMD at 240 min (control: -1.2% ± 0.5%; P = 0.029; peanut: -0.6% ± 0.5%; P = 0.3). Participants with higher baseline total (>150 mg/dL) and LDL (>100 mg/dL)-cholesterol concentrations showed a significant decrease in FMD after the control meal (-1.8%, P = 0.017; -2.0%, P = 0.038), whereas the peanut meal maintained endothelial function in all participants irrespective of total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations.Conclusion: The inclusion of 85 g peanuts (3 ounces) as part of a high-fat meal improved the postprandial TG response and preserved endothelial function in healthy overweight or obese men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01405300.

Project description:BackgoundTheobromine, a component of cocoa, may favorably affect conventional lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers, but effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and other vascular function markers are not known.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 4-week theobromine consumption (500 mg/day) on fasting and postprandial vascular function markers.DesignIn a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 44 apparently healthy overweight (N = 30) and obese (N = 14) men and women with low HDL-C concentrations, consumed daily 500 mg theobromine or placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, FMD, peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvasculature measurements were performed. These measurements were carried out under fasting conditions and 2.5 h after a high-fat mixed meal challenge.Results4-week theobromine consumption did not change fasting vascular function markers, except for a decrease in central AIx (cAIx, - 1.7 pp, P = 0.037) and a trend towards smaller venular calibers (- 2 µm, P = 0.074). Consuming a high-fat mixed meal decreased FMD (0.89 pp, P = 0.002), reactive hyperemia index (RHI, - 0.30, P < 0.001), peripheral systolic BP (SBP, - 3 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001), peripheral diastolic BP (DBP, - 2 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001), central SBP (- 6 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001) and central DBP (- 2 mmHg, P ≤ 0.001), but increased heart rate (HR, 2 bpm, P < 0.001). Theobromine did not modify these postprandial effects, but increased postprandially the brachial artery diameter (0.03 cm, P = 0.015), and decreased the cAIx corrected for a HR of 75 (cAIx75, - 5.0 pp, P = 0.004) and peripheral AIx (pAIx, - 6.3 pp, P = 0.017).ConclusionTheobromine consumption did not improve fasting and postprandial endothelial function, but increased postprandial peripheral arterial diameters and decreased the AIx. These findings do not suggest that theobromine alone contributes to the proposed cardioprotective effects of cocoa. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov under study number NCT02209025.

Project description:Aims/hypothesisPrediabetes is associated with postprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia. Resistance exercise acutely lowers postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TG); however, the changes in lipid metabolism that mediate this reduction are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the constitutive metabolic mechanisms underlying the changes in postprandial lipid metabolism after resistance exercise in obese men with prediabetes.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of a single bout of whole-body resistance exercise (seven exercises, three sets, 10-12 repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum) on postprandial lipid metabolism in ten middle-aged (50?±?9 years), overweight/obese (BMI: 33?±?3 kg/m2), sedentary men with prediabetes (HbA1c >38 but <48 mmol/mol [>5.7% but <6.5%]), or fasting plasma glucose >5.6 mmol/l but <7.0 mmol/l or 2 h OGTT glucose >7.8 mmol/l but <11.1 mmol/l). We used a randomised, crossover design with a triple-tracer mixed meal test (ingested [(13C4)3]tripalmitin, i.v. [U-13C16]palmitate and [2H5]glycerol) to evaluate chylomicron-TG and total triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-TG kinetics. We used adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsies to evaluate the expression of genes regulating lipolysis and lipid oxidation, skeletal muscle respirometry to evaluate oxidative capacity, and indirect calorimetry to assess whole-body lipid oxidation.ResultsThe single bout of resistance exercise reduced the lipaemic response to a mixed meal in obese men with prediabetes without changing chylomicron-TG or TRL-TG fractional clearance rates. However, resistance exercise reduced endogenous and meal-derived fatty acid incorporation into chylomicron-TG and TRL-TG. Resistance exercise also increased whole-body lipid oxidation, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, oxidative gene expression in skeletal muscle, and the expression of key lipolysis genes in adipose tissue.Conclusions/interpretationA single bout of resistance exercise improves postprandial lipid metabolism in obese men with prediabetes, which may mitigate the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Project description:AimsImproving brain insulin sensitivity may be a promising approach in the prevention and treatment of metabolic and cognitive diseases. Our aim was to investigate acute effects of inorganic nitrate on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to intranasal insulin in abdominally obese men.MethodsEighteen apparently healthy men, aged 18-60 years and with a waist circumference ≥ 102 cm, participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. The study consisted of two test days separated by at least one week. Men received in random order a drink providing 10 mmol (i.e., 625 mg nitrate) potassium nitrate or an isomolar placebo drink with potassium chloride. Brain insulin action was assessed 120-150 min after the drinks by quantifying acute effects of nasal insulin on regional CBF using arterial spin labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at regular intervals, while blood pressure was determined fasted and at 240 min.ResultsInorganic nitrate intake increased regional insulin action in five brain clusters. The two largest clusters were located in the right temporal lobe (ΔCBF: 7.0 ± 3.8 mL/100 g/min, volume: 5296 mm3, P < 0.001; and ΔCBF: 6.5 ± 4.3 mL/100 g/min, volume: 3592 mm3, P < 0.001), while two other cortical clusters were part of the right frontal (ΔCBF: 9.0 ± 6.0 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1096 mm3, P = 0.007) and the left parietal lobe (ΔCBF: 6.1 ± 4.3 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1024 mm3, P = 0.012). One subcortical cluster was located in the striatum (ΔCBF: 5.9 ± 3.2 mL/100 g/min, volume: 1792 mm3, P < 0.001). No effects of nitrate were observed on CBF before administration. Following nitrate intake, circulating nitrate plus nitrite concentrations increased over time (P = 0.003), but insulin and glucose concentrations and blood pressure did not change.ConclusionAcute inorganic nitrate intake may improve regional brain insulin action in abdominally obese men. These regions are involved in the regulation of different metabolic and cognitive processes. The trial was registered on January 6th, 2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04700241.

Dataset Information

Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men.

Publications

Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men.

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