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Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Roots.

ABSTRACT: Canavanine (CAN) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid, and its toxicity comes from its utilization instead of arginine in many cellular processes. As presented in previous experiments, supplementation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with CAN led to decreased nitric oxide (NO) level and induced secondary oxidative stress. CAN improved total antioxidant capacity in roots, with parallel inhibition of enzymatic antioxidants. The aim of this work was to determine how CAN-dependent limitation of NO emission and reactive oxygen species overproduction impact content, localization, and metabolism of phenolic compounds (PCs) in tomato roots. Tomato seedlings were fed with CAN (10 and 50 µM) for 24 or 72 h. Inhibition of root growth due to CAN supplementation correlated with increased concentration of total PCs; CAN (50 µM) led to the homogeneous accumulation of PCs all over the roots. CAN increased also flavonoids content in root tips. The activity of polyphenol oxidases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased only after prolonged treatment with 50 µM CAN, while expressions of genes encoding these enzymes were modified variously, irrespectively of CAN dosage and duration of the culture. PCs act as the important elements of the cellular antioxidant system under oxidative stress induced by CAN.

SUBMITTER: Staszek P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7698470 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Roots.

Staszek Pawel P Krasuska Urszula U Bederska-Błaszczyk Magdalena M Gniazdowska Agnieszka A

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20201117 11

Canavanine (CAN) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid, and its toxicity comes from its utilization instead of arginine in many cellular processes. As presented in previous experiments, supplementation of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) with CAN led to decreased nitric oxide (NO) level and induced secondary oxidative stress. CAN improved total antioxidant capacity in roots, with parallel inhibition of enzymatic antioxidants. The aim of this work was to determine how CAN-dependent limitation o ...[more]

PMID: 33213049

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Project description:BackgroundClimatic changes are the most important abiotic factor affecting plant growth, crop quality and nutritional value. Plants exposed to thermal stress respond by accumulation of secondary metabolites/molecules (SMs). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a cosmopolitan crop, eaten by most of the world's people because it is highly nutritious plant. It is cultivated in more than 16 thousand hectares in Saudi Arabia and thus is influenced by extreme climatic changes.ObjectiveIn the current study, the phytochemical effect of thermal stress was investigated in seedlings of S. lycopersicum. Such information will be very helpful in developing more tolerant tomato cultivars in a climate change scenario.MethodsSeedlings of S. lycopersicum were subjected to heat shock; HS1 and HS2 (45 and 50 °C) and cold shock; CS (4 °C) in comparison to control; Con (25 °C). Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were estimated under the four temperature treatments.ResultsUsing 23 standards (17 phenolic and six flavonoids), HPLC resulted in the estimation of 16, 20, 15 and 18 compounds for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. Differences in the amounts of total phenolics, and total flavonoids were strongly correlated to thermal stress. CS plants exhibited the highest number of signals and the highest absolute quantities of total phenolics, flavonoids and sum of both. The major peaks of phenolics were (Chlorogenic acid, Resvertol), (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid, Quinol), (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid) and (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid) for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. The major peaks of flavonoids were (Quercetin, Myricetin), (Quercetin, Rutin), (Quercetin, Rutin, Catechin) and (Quercetin) for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. CS plants contain the highest amounts of Benzoic acid (8010.37 mg/kg FW) and Quercetin (2319.48 mg/kg FW). The highest TPC (131 mg GAE/100 g FW) and TFC (61 mg QE/100 g FW) were determined in the case of CS plants. In terms of IC50s, the CS plants showed the highest antioxidant activities (lowest values) in both of DPPH (467.73 µM TE/100 g FW) and ABTS (8.97 µM TE/100 g FW) assays.ConclusionsOur findings supported that the complexity and quantity of phenolics and flavonoids in tomato's extract are strongly related to thermal stress. Additionally, the CS plants demonstrated more desirable phytochemical profile over the other treatments. CS plants exhibited higher number, absolute amounts of SMs, higher TPC and TFC than those of Con, HS1 and HS2 plants. Additionally, CS plants showed higher antioxidant activity than that of both HS1 and HS2 plants. Such results are very useful in justifying mechanism of tolerance in tomato plant to thermal stress in the context of climate change. Additional research has turned on to reveal molecular response of tomato to such thermal stress.

Project description:BackgroundEndogenous pararetroviral sequences (EPRVs) are a recently discovered class of repetitive sequences that is broadly distributed in the plant kingdom. The potential contribution of EPRVs to plant pathogenicity or, conversely, to virus resistance is just beginning to be explored. Some members of the family Solanaceae are particularly rich in EPRVs. In previous work, EPRVs have been characterized molecularly in various species of Nicotiana including N.tabacum (tobacco) and Solanum tuberosum (potato). Here we describe a family of EPRVs in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and a wild relative (S.habrochaites).ResultsMolecular cloning and DNA sequence analysis revealed that tomato EPRVs (named LycEPRVs) are most closely related to those in tobacco. The sequence similarity of LycEPRVs in S.lycopersicum and S.habrochaites indicates they are potentially derived from the same pararetrovirus. DNA blot analysis revealed a similar genomic organization in the two species, but also some independent excision or insertion events after species separation, or flanking sequence divergence. LycEPRVs share with the tobacco elements a disrupted genomic structure and frequent association with retrotransposons. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that copies of LycEPRV are dispersed on all chromosomes in predominantly heterochromatic regions. Methylation of LycEPRVs was detected in CHG and asymmetric CHH nucleotide groups. Although normally quiescent EPRVs can be reactivated and produce symptoms of infection in some Nicotiana interspecific hybrids, a similar pathogenicity of LycEPRVs could not be demonstrated in Solanum L. section Lycopersicon [Mill.] hybrids. Even in healthy plants, however, transcripts derived from multiple LycEPRV loci and short RNAs complementary to LycEPRVs were detected and were elevated upon infection with heterologous viruses encoding suppressors of PTGS.ConclusionThe analysis of LycEPRVs provides further evidence for the extensive invasion of pararetroviral sequences into the genomes of solanaceous plants. The detection of asymmetric CHH methylation and short RNAs, which are hallmarks of RNAi in plants, suggests that LycEPRVs are controlled by an RNA-mediated silencing mechanism.

Dataset Information

Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Roots.

Publications

Canavanine Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Roots.

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