Dataset Information

11C-Choline PET/CT vs. 99mTc-MIBI/123Iodide Subtraction SPECT/CT for Preoperative Detection of Abnormal Parathyroid Glands in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective, Single-Centre Clinical Trial in 60 Patients.

ABSTRACT: In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) locating hyperfunctioning glands (HPGs) is crucial when planning minimally invasive surgery. Dual-isotope subtraction scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI/123Iodide using SPECT/CT and planar pinhole imaging (Method A) has previously shown a sensitivity >93%. However, the method is costly and time consuming and entails a high radiation dose. 11C-Choline PET/CT (Method B) is an appealing candidate method unencumbered by these disadvantages. Sixty patients with newly diagnosed PHPT participated and were scanned using both methods prior to parathyroidectomy. We investigated whether sensitivities of Method A and Method B are similar in a method-to-method comparison when using surgical findings as the true location. At the patient level, sensitivities were (A) 0.98 (95% CI: 0.90-1.00) and (B) 1.00 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00). At the gland level, sensitivities were (A) 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.94) and (B) 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76-0.92). With a non-inferiority margin of ∆ = -0.1, we found a 1-sided p-value < 0.001. Our methods comparison study found that sensitivity of Method B was not inferior to Method A. We suggest that 11C-Choline PET/CT is a clinically relevant first-choice candidate for preoperative imaging of PHPT and that Method B can likely replace Method A in the near future.

SUBMITTER: Ismail A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7699496 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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11C-Choline PET/CT vs. 99mTc-MIBI/123Iodide Subtraction SPECT/CT for Preoperative Detection of Abnormal Parathyroid Glands in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective, Single-Centre Clinical Trial in 60 Patients.

Ismail Afefah A Christensen Julie Wulf JW Krakauer Martin M Søndergaard Susanne Bonnichsen SB Zerahn Bo B Nygaard Birte B Bennedbæk Finn Noe FN Kristensen Bent B Jensen Lars Thorbjørn LT

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 20201119 11

<h4>Background</h4>In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) locating hyperfunctioning glands (HPGs) is crucial when planning minimally invasive surgery. Dual-isotope subtraction scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI/123Iodide using SPECT/CT and planar pinhole imaging (Method A) has previously shown a sensitivity >93%. However, the method is costly and time consuming and entails a high radiation dose. 11C-Choline PET/CT (Method B) is an appealing candidate metho ...[more]

PMID: 33228254

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Project description:PURPOSE:To evaluate the sensitivity of F18-choline (FCH) PET/CT for parathyroid adenoma detection prior to surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative or inconclusive cervical ultrasound and Tc99m-sestaMIBI SPECT/CT. METHODS:We conducted a prospective bicentric study (NCT02432599). All patients underwent FCH PET/CT. The result was scored positive, inconclusive or negative. The number of uptakes and their sites were recorded. The FCH PET/CT result guided the surgical procedure (minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, bilateral cervical exploration, or other in case of multiple or ectopic foci). FCH PET/CT results were compared to the surgical and pathological findings and the follow-up. RESULTS:Twenty-five patients were included. Mean calcium and PTH levels prior to surgery were 2.76?±?0.17 mmol/l and 94.8?±?37.4 ng/l. Nineteen (76%) FCH PET/CTs were scored positive, 3 (12%) inconclusive and 3 (12%) negative, showing 21 cases of uniglandular disease, including 1 ectopic localization and 1 case of multiglandular (3 foci) disease. Mean lesion size was 13.1?±?8.6 mm. Twenty-four patients underwent surgery. FCH PET/CT guided surgery in 22 (88%) patients, allowing for 17 minimally invasive parathyroidectomies, 1 bilateral cervical exploration for multifocality and 4 other surgical procedures. Two patients with negative FCH-PET/CT underwent bilateral cervical exploration. When dichotomizing the FCH PET/CT results, thereby classifying the inconclusive FCH PET/CT results as positive, the per lesion and per patient sensitivities were 91.3% (95%CI: 72.0-98.9) and 90.5% (95%CI: 69.6-98.8) and the corresponding positive predictive values were 87.5% (95%CI: 67.6-97.3) and 86.4% (95%CI: 65.1-97.1), respectively. Twenty-one (88%) patients were considered cured after surgery. Their mean calcium level after surgery was 2.36?±?0.17 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS:Preoperative FCH PET/CT has a high sensitivity and positive predictive value for parathyroid adenoma detection in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative or inconclusive conventional imaging results. Bilateral cervical exploration could be avoided in the majority (75%) of patients.

Project description:Background There currently is no consensus on the optimal localization procedure and imaging protocol for parathyroid adenoma. Parathyroid four-dimensional (4D) CT has emerged as a promising method for preoperative localization. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of parathyroid 4D CT and technetium 99m-sestamibi (hereafter, referred to as sestamibi) SPECT/CT in preoperative localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and Methods This was a single-institution retrospective study of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent a combined imaging protocol of sestamibi SPECT/CT and 4D CT (noncontrast, contrast agent-enhanced, arterial, and delayed venous phases) acquired in a single setting from February 2013 to May 2016, with subsequent parathyroidectomy within 6 months. Reference standard for correct localization was on the basis of location denoted on operative reports, with pathologic confirmation of parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. By using a four-quadrant analysis, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for localization of the hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland or glands at sestamibi SPECT/CT and 4D CT were compared, per modality and in combination. Results Four hundred patients (319 women, 81 men; mean age, 61 years ± 14 [standard deviation]) were evaluated. Similar diagnostic performance was found in both combined 4D CT with sestamibi SPECT/CT and 4D CT alone (area under the curve [AUC], 0.88 [95% CI: 0.86, 0.90] and 0.87 [95% CI: 0.85, 0.90], respectively; P = .82). Both modalities outperformed sestamibi SPECT/CT (AUC, 0.78; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.81; P < .001). Four-dimensional CT showed higher sensitivity than did sestamibi SPECT/CT (sensitivity, 79.3% [414 of 522] vs 58.0% [303 of 522], respectively; P < .001). In a subset analysis, 4D CT had higher sensitivity than sestamibi SPECT/CT in patients with single-gland disease (sensitivity, 92.5% [297 of 321] vs 75.1% [241 of 321], respectively; P < .001) and with multigland disease (sensitivity, 58.2% [117 of 201] vs 30.8% [62 of 201], respectively; P < .001). Conclusion Four-dimensional CT provided superior preoperative localization compared with sestamibi SPECT/CT in patients with single and multigland disease. The combination of the two modalities did not improve diagnostic performance compared with four-dimensional CT alone. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Sinha and Oates in this issue.

Project description:BackgroundExact preoperative localization is desirable to perform minimally invasive parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism (HPT). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic values of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) of parathyroid glands by analyzing the relationship between lesion weight and false-negative (FN) results, as well as to explain the possible reason.MethodsThe data from 314 patients with suspected HPT who underwent 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid imaging between 2011 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. The sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of parathyroid 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT were calculated, and the false-positive (FP) and FN findings were analyzed.ResultsAccurate localization by 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT was significantly associated with the parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. The 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT for diagnosis/lesion location reached a sensitivity of 84.6%/56.8%, a PPV of 97.3%/98.4%, an NPV of only 23.7%/4.18%, and an accuracy of 83.4%/57.1%, respectively. The largest diameter, shortest diameter, and lesion volume were lower in the FN group than in the TP group. A total of 7 FP cases were found, including 2 cases of thyroid nodules, 4 cases of thyroid tissue, and 1 case of hibernoma. A total of 45 FN patients, including 321 FN lesions, were confirmed, of which parathyroid hyperplasia accounted for 97.8%. Lesion weights greater than 20 µg were able to be detected, but lightweight lesions less than 100 mg were the principal source of FN results, accounting for approximately 39.3%. With lesion weights 0-100, 101-300, 301-1,000, and >1,000 mg, the FN rate was 70.8% (126/178), 51.8% (103/199), 34.6% (81/234), and 8.33% (11/132), respectively.Conclusions99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid imaging provides good sensitivity and high specificity in HPT location. Correct localization by 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT correlates positively with lesion weight and PTH levels. The smaller the lesion, the higher the FN rate in 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid imaging, and lesions weighing less than 100 mg are the main source of FN results in 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT parathyroid imaging.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) PET/CT for uremic hyperparathyroidism (uHPT) compared to 99mTc-sestaMIBI SPECT/CT and ultrasonography (US). METHODS:A total of 17 uHPT patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent US, 99mTc-sestaMIBI SPECT/CT, and 18F-FCH within 2 months and received surgical treatment. Visual and quantitative methods were used for image analyses. Intraoperative localization and postoperative histological results of the reference standard as well as the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the three modalities were analyzed using Pearson's χ2 tests. In addition, the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FCH PET/CT for uHPT was evaluated. The relationships between PET parameters and laboratory parameters were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS:A total of 63 parathyroid hyperplasia lesions were resected in 17 uHPT patients, and 53 lesions were detected using 18F-FCH PET/CT with no false-positive results. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV were 84.13%, 100%, 86.49%, 100%, and 52.38%, respectively. In comparison, the corresponding values for 99mTc-sestaMIBI SPECT/CT and US were 63.49%, 90.91%, 67.57%, 97.56%, and 30.30% and 61.90%, 81.82%, 64.86%, 95.12%, and 27.27%, respectively. The volume of hyper-functioning parathyroid glands was significantly different between lesions positive in 18F-FCH PET/CT and negative in 18F-FCH PET/CT (mean volume 1.36 ± 0.55 cm3 vs. 0.83 ± 0.26 cm3; P = 0.019). US misidentified intrathyroidal parathyroid hyperplasia as thyroid nodules in three patients, while 18F-FCH PET correctly identified the anatomy. No significant associations were observed between PET parameters and laboratory parameters in uHPT. CONCLUSION:18F-FCH PET/CT was more sensitive and accurate for uHPT than 99mTc-sestaMIBI SPECT/CT and US, and had better preoperative diagnostic efficacy, particularly for lesions diagnosed as a thyroid nodule by US.

Project description:BackgroundThe common endocrine disorder primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) can be cured by surgery. Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma (PTA) by imaging is a prerequisite for outpatient minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP). Compared to inpatient bilateral cervical exploration (BCE) which is performed if imaging is inconclusive, MIP is superior in terms of cure and complication rates and less costly. The imaging procedure F18-choline (FCH) PET/CT outperforms Tc99m-sestaMIBI (MIBI) SPECT/CT for PTA localization, but it is much costlier. The aim of this study is to identify the most efficient first-line imaging modality for optimal patient care in PHPT without added cost to society.MethodsWe will conduct a multicenter open diagnostic intervention randomized phase III trial comparing two diagnostic strategies in patients with PHPT: upfront FCH PET/CT versus MIBI SPECT/CT. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients in whom the first-line imaging method results in successful MIP and cure. Follow-up including biological tests will be performed 1 and 6 months after surgery. The main secondary endpoint is the social cost of both strategies. Other secondary endpoints are as follows: FCH PET/CT and MIBI SPECT/CT diagnostic performance, performance of surgical procedure and complication rate, FCH PET/CT inter- and intra-observer variability and optimization of FCH PET/CT procedure. Fifty-eight patients will be enrolled and randomized 1:1.DiscussionFCH PET/CT is a highly efficient but expensive imaging test for preoperative PTA localization and costs three to four times more than MIBI SPECT/CT. Whether FCH PET/CT improves patient outcomes compared to the reference standard MIBI SPECT/CT is unknown. To justify its added cost, FCH PET/CT-guided parathyroid surgery should lead to improved patient management, resulting in higher cure rates and fewer BCEs and surgical complications. In the previous phase II APACH1 study, we showed that second-line FCH PET/CT led to a cure in 88% of patients with negative or inconclusive MIBI SPECT/CT. BCE could be avoided in 75% of patients and surgical complication rates were low. We therefore hypothesize that upfront FCH PET/CT would improve patient care in PHPT and that the reduction in clinical costs would offset the increase in imaging costs.Trial registrationNCT04040946 , registered August 1, 2019. Protocol version Version 2.1 dated from 2020/04/23.

Project description:BackgroundUse of 11C-Choline PET/CT is gaining ground in detecting hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the robustness of 11C-Choline PET/CT by assessing intra- and inter-observer agreement to determine whether the method was reader sensitive and therefore should only be performed at highly specialised sites with a high number of cases. PET/CT images of 40 patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism were anonymised and evaluated three times by three readers: an expert reader and two non-experts (non-experts were experienced in PET/CT imaging, but not in 11C-Choline PET/CT in the setting of primary hyperparathyroidism). Number of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands, location relative to the thyroid gland and confidence of each assessment (low, moderate or high) were noted, and intra- and inter-observer agreement calculated using Fleiss' kappa method. Sensitivities and specificities of the non-experts were calculated using the expert reader as gold standard.ResultsIntra-observer agreement was 'good' to 'near perfect' for all readers. Inter-observer agreement was good between non-experts and the expert, with kappa values ≥ 0.74. Sensitivities between non-experts and the expert were high, > 81%, when assessing which side and 75% when assessing thyroid quadrant. All specificities were > 94%. Reader certainties were 'high' in > 80% of cases for the expert and > 70% and > 65%, respectively for the two non-experts.Conclusion11C-Choline PET/CT is not reader sensitive for the localisation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands and may therefore be safely implemented at sites that have a moderate number of cases. Access to a cyclotron laboratory is, however, a necessity for the production of 11C-Choline. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki 2 declaration and The International Council for Harmonisation Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (ICH_GCP) clinical trial, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (Journal-nr.:H-18012490, date of approval: 18 June 2018) and the Danish Medicines Agency (EudraCT no. 2018-000726-63, date of approval: 6 June 2018). The GCP unit in Eastern Denmark has carried out regular monitoring of the trial according to GCP (ID: 2018-1050).

Project description:A well-established approach for diagnostic imaging of osteomyelitis (OM), a bone infection, is simultaneous SPECT-CT of 99mTc sulfur colloid (SC) and 111In white blood cells (WBC). This method provides essentially perfect spatial registration of the tracers within anatomic sites of interest. Currently, diagnosis is based purely on a visual assessment-where relative discordance between 99mTc and 111In uptake in bone, i.e., high 111In and low 99mTc, suggests OM. To achieve more quantitative images, noise, scatter, and crosstalk between radionuclides must be addressed through reconstruction. Here the authors compare their Monte Carlo-based joint OSEM (MC-JOSEM) algorithm, which reconstructs both radionuclides simultaneously, to a more conventional triple-energy window-based reconstruction (TEW-OSEM), and to iterative reconstruction with no compensation for scatter (NC-OSEM).The authors created numerical phantoms of the foot and torso. Multiple bone-infection sites were modeled using high-count Monte Carlo simulation. Counts per voxel were then scaled to values appropriate for 111In WBC and 99mTc SC imaging. Ten independent noisy projection image sets were generated by drawing random Poisson deviates from these very low-noise images. Data were reconstructed using the two iterative scatter-compensation methods, TEW-OSEM and MC-JOSEM, as well as the uncorrected method (NC-OSEM). Mean counts in volumes of interest (VOIs) were used to evaluate the bias and precision of each method. Data were also acquired using a phantom, approximately the size of an adult ankle, consisting of regions representing infected and normal bone marrow, within a bone-like attenuator and surrounding soft tissue; each compartment contained a mixture of 111In and 99mTc. Low-noise data were acquired during multiple short scans over 29 h on a Siemens Symbia T6 SPECT-CT with medium-energy collimators. Pure 99mTc and 111In projection datasets were derived by fitting the acquired projections to the sum of 99mTc and 111In contributions, using the known half-lives. Uncontaminated data were scaled and recombined into six datasets with different activity ratios; ten Poisson noise realizations were then generated for each ratio. VOIs in each of the compartments were used to evaluate the bias and precision of each method with respect to reconstructions of uncontaminated datasets. In addition to the simulated and acquired phantom images, the authors reconstructed patient images with MC-JOSEM and TEW-OSEM. Patient reconstructions were assessed qualitatively for lesion contrast, spatial definition, and scatter.For all simulated and acquired infection phantoms, the root-mean squared-error of measured 99mTc activity was significantly improved with MC-JOSEM and TEW-OSEM in comparison to NC-OSEM reconstructions. While MC-JOSEM trended toward outperforming TEW-OSEM, the improvement was only found to be significant (p<0.001) for the acquired bone phantom in which a wide range of 111In∕99mTc concentration ratios were tested. In all cases, scatter correction did not significantly improve 111In quantitation.Compensation for scatter and crosstalk is useful for improving quality, bias, and precision of 99mTc activity estimates in simultaneous dual-radionuclide imaging of OM. The use of the more rigorous MC-based estimates provided marginal improvements over TEW. While the phantom results were encouraging, more subjects are needed to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative 111In∕99mTc SPECT-CT in the clinic.

Dataset Information

11C-Choline PET/CT vs. 99mTc-MIBI/123Iodide Subtraction SPECT/CT for Preoperative Detection of Abnormal Parathyroid Glands in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective, Single-Centre Clinical Trial in 60 Patients.

Publications

<sup>11</sup>C-Choline PET/CT vs. <sup>99m</sup>Tc-MIBI/<sup>123</sup>Iodide Subtraction SPECT/CT for Preoperative Detection of Abnormal Parathyroid Glands in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective, Single-Centre Clinical Trial in 60 Patients.

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