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Neurophysiological and Neuroradiological Changes in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease.

ABSTRACT: Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on maintenance hemodialysis frequently present with neurological complications. These complications include peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, and stroke. Objectives: To detect the prevalence of neurological manifestations and complications in children with CKD through neurophysiological and neuro-radiological findings. Methods: The study included 50 patients with CKD admitted to a pediatric nephrology unit. Their history and complete physical and neurological examination findings had been recorded. All patients underwent nerve conduction, electromyography, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Results: Fifty children of both sexes (23 males and 27 females) with a mean age of (12.08 ± 3.46 year) were studied. Eleven (22%) patients with CKD developed polyneuropathy, mostly of an axonal polyneuropathy pattern, while 39 (78%) of them showed normal electrophysiological studies. No myopathy was detected. Abnormal electroencephalography findings were detected in 18% of patients, mostly generalized and focal (temporal, occipital, and frontal) epileptogenic activity. Abnormal MRI brain findings were detected in 16% of patients, mostly of encephalomalacia. Conclusion: Uremic neuropathy was highly prevalent in children with CKD on maintenance hemodialysis. They developed polyneuropathy, mostly of an axonal polyneuropathy pattern. EEG is a useful method for early recognition of subclinical uremic encephalopathy and/or epileptogenic activity. Early demonstration and management of uremic neurological conditions may decrease the physical disability of CKD patients.

SUBMITTER: Abd El Naby SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7701333 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Neurophysiological and Neuroradiological Changes in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Abd El Naby Sameh A SA Bahbah Wael A WA Kasemy Zeinab A ZA Mahmoud Asmaa A AA

Frontiers in pediatrics 20201116

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on maintenance hemodialysis frequently present with neurological complications. These complications include peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, and stroke. Objectives: To detect the prevalence of neurological manifestations and complications in children with CKD through neurophysiological and neuro-radiological findings. Methods: The study included 50 patients with CKD admitted to a pediatric nephrology unit. Their hi ...[more]

PMID: 33313023

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Project description:To characterize the distribution of blood pressure (BP), prevalence, and risk factors for hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline BPs in 432 children (mean age 11 years; 60% male; mean glomerular filtration rate 44 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children cohort study. BPs were obtained using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by iohexol disappearance. Elevated BP was defined as BP >or=90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Hypertension was defined as BP >or=95th percentile or as self-reported hypertension plus current treatment with antihypertensive medications. For systolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 11% were prehypertensive (BP 90th to 95th percentile); 68% of subjects with elevated systolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. For diastolic BP, 14% were hypertensive and 9% were prehypertensive; 53% of subjects with elevated diastolic BP were taking antihypertensive medications. Fifty-four percent of subjects had either systolic or diastolic BP >or=95th percentile or a history of hypertension plus current antihypertensive use. Characteristics associated with elevated BP included black race, shorter duration of chronic kidney disease, absence of antihypertensive medication use, and elevated serum potassium. Among subjects receiving antihypertensive treatment, uncontrolled BP was associated with male sex, shorter chronic kidney disease duration, and absence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Thirty-seven percent of children with chronic kidney disease had either elevated systolic or diastolic BP, and 39% of these were not receiving antihypertensives, indicating that hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease may be frequently under- or even untreated. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may improve BP control in these patients.

Project description:Rationale & objectiveChronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is associated with cognitive dysfunction that affects school performance and quality of life. The relationship between CKD-mineral and bone disorder and cognitive function in children is unknown.Study designObservational study.Participants702 children enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study.PredictorsPlasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D).OutcomesNeurocognitive tests of intelligence, academic achievement, and executive functions.Analytical approachLinear regression models to analyze the cross-sectional associations between log2FGF-23, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus z scores and the cognitive test scores of interest after adjustment for demographics, blood pressure, proteinuria, and kidney function.ResultsAt baseline, median age was 12 (95% CI, 8.3, 15.2) years and estimated glomerular filtration rate was 54 (40.5, 67.8) mL/min/1.73 m2. In fully adjusted analyses, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus z scores did not associate with cognitive test scores. In fully adjusted analyses, log2FGF-23 was associated with abnormal test scores for attention regulation (P < 0.05); specifically, Conners' Continuous Performance Test II Errors of Omission (β = 2.3 [1.0, 3.6]), Variability (β=1.4 [0.4, -2.4]), and Hit Reaction Time (β = 1.3 [0.2, 2.4]). Children in the highest FGF-23 tertile group had 7% and 9% greater cognitive risk for Hit Reaction Time and Errors of Omission compared with those in the lowest tertile, respectively. In fully adjusted analyses, higher FGF-23 tertile was associated with increased cognitive risk (P < 0.05) for Errors of Omission (β = 0.4 [0.1, 0.7]) and Hit Reaction Time (β = 0.4 [0.1, 0.7]).LimitationsThe study does not assess the cumulative effects of FGF-23 excess on cognitive function over time. Within-population stratified analyses were not performed due to limited sample size.ConclusionsIn children with CKD, higher plasma FGF-23 level is associated with lower performance in targeted tests of executive function, specifically attention regulation, independent of glomerular filtration rate.

Dataset Information

Neurophysiological and Neuroradiological Changes in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease.

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Neurophysiological and Neuroradiological Changes in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease.

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