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Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequence of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Strain Clear-A1, Assembled from an Enrichment Culture.

ABSTRACT: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a significant harmful algal bloom-forming cyanobacterial species. Here, we report the draft genome for a strain of A. flos-aquae (Clear-A1) from a harmful algal bloom enrichment culture. This metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) sequence comprises 4,452,466?bp in 60 contigs with a GC content of 37.1%.

SUBMITTER: Yemenian T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7714854 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequence of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Strain Clear-A1, Assembled from an Enrichment Culture.

Yemenian Tiffany T Florea Kyra M KM Thrash J Cameron JC Webb Eric A EA

Microbiology resource announcements 20201203 49

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a significant harmful algal bloom-forming cyanobacterial species. Here, we report the draft genome for a strain of A. flos-aquae (Clear-A1) from a harmful algal bloom enrichment culture. This metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) sequence comprises 4,452,466 bp in 60 contigs with a GC content of 37.1%. ...[more]

PMID: 33272999

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Diversity of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (cyanobacterium) populations along a Baltic Sea salinity gradient.

Project description:Colony-forming cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon form massive blooms in the brackish water of the Baltic Sea during the warmest summer months. There have been recent suggestions claiming that the Baltic Sea Aphanizomenon species may be different from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae found in lakes. In this study, we examined variability in the morphology and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of A. flos-aquae populations along a salinity gradient from a string of lakes to a fjord-like extension of the Baltic Sea to the open Baltic Sea. Morphological differences among the populations were negligible. We found that the Baltic Sea was dominated (25 out of 27 sequences) by one ITS1-S (shorter band of ITS 1 [ITS1]) genotype, which also was found in the lakes. The lake populations of A. flos-aquae tended to be genetically more diverse than the Baltic Sea populations. Since the lake ITS1-S genotypes of A. flos-aquae are continuously introduced to the Baltic Sea via inflowing waters, it seems that only one ITS1 genotype is able to persist in the Baltic Sea populations. The results suggest that one of the ITS1-S genotypes found in the lakes is better adapted to the conditions of the Baltic Sea and that natural selection removes most of the lake genotypes from the Baltic Sea A. flos-aquae populations.

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Nitrogen Flow in Diazotrophic Cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Is Altered by Cyanophage Infection.

Project description:Viruses can significantly influence cyanobacteria population dynamics and activity, and through this the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients. However, surprisingly little attention has been given to understand how viral infections alter the ability of diazotrophic cyanobacteria for atmospheric nitrogen fixation and its release to the environment. This study addressed the importance of cyanophages for net 15N2 assimilation rate, expression of nitrogenase reductase gene (nifH) and changes in nitrogen enrichment (15N/14N) in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae during infection by the cyanophage vB_AphaS-CL131. We found that while the growth of A. flos-aquae was inhibited by cyanophage addition (decreased from 0.02 h-1 to 0.002 h-1), there were no significant differences in nitrogen fixation rates (control: 22.7 × 10-7 nmol N heterocyte-1; infected: 23.9 × 10-7 nmol N heterocyte-1) and nifH expression level (control: 0.6-1.6 transcripts heterocyte-1; infected: 0.7-1.1 transcripts heterocyte-1) between the infected and control A. flos-aquae cultures. This implies that cyanophage genome replication and progeny production within the vegetative cells does not interfere with the N2 fixation reactions in the heterocytes of these cyanobacteria. However, higher 15N enrichment at the poles of heterocytes of the infected A. flos-aquae, revealed by NanoSIMS analysis indicates the accumulation of fixed nitrogen in response to cyanophage addition. This suggests reduced nitrogen transport to vegetative cells and the alterations in the flow of fixed nitrogen within the filaments. In addition, we found that cyanophage lysis resulted in a substantial release of ammonium into culture medium. Cyanophage infection seems to substantially redirect N flow from cyanobacterial biomass to the production of N storage compounds and N release.

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Molecular Verification of Bloom-forming Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Their Secondary Metabolites in the Nakdong River.

Project description:Aphanizomenon spp. have formed harmful cyanobacterial blooms in the Nakdong River during spring, autumn, and now in winter, and the expansion of blooming period and area, associated with the global warming is predicted. The genus Aphanizomenon has been described to produce harmful secondary metabolites such as off-flavors and cyanotoxins. Therefore, the production of harmful secondary metabolites from the Aphanizomenon blooms in the Nakdong River needs to be monitored to minimize the risk to both water quality and public health. Here, we sampled the cyanobacterial blooms in the Nakdong River and isolated ten Aphanizomenon strains, morphologically classified as Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault 1888. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region nucleotide sequences confirmed this classification. We further verified the harmful secondary metabolites-producing potential of A. flos-aquae isolates and water samples containing cyanobacterial blooms using PCR with specific primer sets for genes involved in biosynthesis of off-flavor metabolites (geosmin) and toxins (microcystins, saxitoxins and cylindrospermopsins). It was confirmed that these metabolite biosynthesis genes were not identified in all isolates and water samples containing only Aphanizomenon spp. Thus, it is likely that there is a low potential for the production of off-flavor metabolites and cyanotoxins in Aphanizomenon blooms in the Nakdong River.

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Effects of the Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Extract (Klamin®) on a Neurodegeneration Cellular Model.

Project description:Cyanobacteria have been recognized as a source of bioactive molecules to be employed in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods. An extract of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA), commercialized as Klamin®, was subjected to chemical analysis to determine its compounds. The AFA extract Klamin® resulted to be nontoxic, also at high doses, when administered onto LAN5 neuronal cells. Its scavenging properties against ROS generation were evaluated by using DCFH-DA assay, and its mitochondrial protective role was determined by JC-1 and MitoSOX assays. Klamin® exerts a protective role against beta amyloid- (A?-) induced toxicity and against oxidative stress. Anti-inflammatory properties were demonstrated by NF?B nuclear localization and activation of IL-6 and IL-1? inflammatory cytokines through ELISA. Finally, by using thioflavin T (ThT) and fluorimetric measures, we found that Klamin® interferes with A? aggregation kinetics, supporting the formation of smaller and nontoxic structures compared to toxic A? aggregates alone. Altogether, these data indicate that the AFA extract may play a protective role against mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration.

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