Dataset Information

The Evaluation of Municipal Waste in Counties in Poland with the Use of the Theory of Phenomena Spatial Concentration.

ABSTRACT: In the era of increased consumption and with the development of new technologies, waste management and its constant monitoring are some of the greatest challenges for humanity. The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate the condition of mixed municipal waste management and the selectively collected waste in all counties (LAU 1) in Poland. The authors chose six fractions of selectively collected waste. The theory of the concentration of spatial phenomena was selected for the evaluation. The analytical part was based on the concentration coefficient (CC) and the location quotient (LQ). The created maps of the correctness of waste management allow for formulating corrective actions for the analyzed counties. The fractions of selective waste, whose management is balanced to the greatest extent on the national scale, are those for which the value of LQs is on a similar level-glass, biodegradable waste and bulky waste. However, in the case of paper and cardboard, plastic and waste electrical and electronic equipment fractions, vast disproportions in waste management were noted. The proposed methodology can be an effective tool of constant monitoring and for planning the process of waste management on a local, regional and national scale.

SUBMITTER: Krzywnicka I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7731399 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Evaluation of Municipal Waste in Counties in Poland with the Use of the Theory of Phenomena Spatial Concentration.

Krzywnicka Iwona I Pawlewicz Katarzyna K Senetra Adam A

International journal of environmental research and public health 20201206 23

In the era of increased consumption and with the development of new technologies, waste management and its constant monitoring are some of the greatest challenges for humanity. The aim of this article is to analyze and evaluate the condition of mixed municipal waste management and the selectively collected waste in all counties (LAU 1) in Poland. The authors chose six fractions of selectively collected waste. The theory of the concentration of spatial phenomena was selected for the evaluation. T ...[more]

PMID: 33291267

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Project description:Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash is often managed through co-disposal with unburned wastes in landfills, a practice previously reported to result in enhanced leaching of pollutants (e.g., heavy metals) in landfill leachate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of co-disposed unburned wastes on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in MSWI ash landfill leachate. Leachate was collected from four landfills containing MSWI ash, either as a sole waste stream or co-disposed of with sewage sludge and MSW screenings. Samples of ash and unburned materials were collected and assessed separately for leachable PFAS in the laboratory. All samples were analyzed for 26 PFAS. Results showed that greater ash content was associated with lower leachate PFAS concentrations. The pure ash monofill exhibited the lowest PFAS in landfill leachate (290 ng L-1) while the landfill contained a large amount of unburned waste had the highest PFAS (11,000 ng L-1). For laboratory leaching tests, average ∑26PFAS concentration in lab ash leachate (310 ng L-1) was 10 and 24 times lower than observed in lab sewage sludge leachate (3,200 ng L-1) and lab MSW screenings leachate (7,500 ng L-1), respectively. Leachate from the ash-only landfill had ∑26PFAS concentration similar to what was measured in the ash itself. On the contrary, ∑26PFAS concentration in co-disposal landfill leachates were similar to those in PFAS-rich unburned waste itself, regardless of the percentages of landfilled unburned wastes. We hypothesize that leachate generated in co-disposal scenarios preferentially flows through PFAS-rich unburned materials and that biotransformation of precursors enhanced by unburned waste degradation further contributes to higher concentrations of terminal PFAS in ash co-disposal sites. Landfill operators should expect PFAS in leachates to be higher when PFAS-rich unburned wastes are disposed of alongside MSWI ash, even if the unburned fraction is small.

Project description:A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of a municipal solid waste (MSW) biochar and a bacterial strain on the forage maize growth and the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the edible tissue of maize irrigated with water contaminated with Cd (5 mg L-1) and Pb (100 mg L-1). Experimental treatments included (i) bacterial strain at two levels: no bacterial strain and Enterobacter cloacae R7; (ii) MSW biochar at three levels: 0, 1, and 3% (w/w); and (iii) irrigation water quality at five levels: plants irrigated with 100% freshwater (FW), plants irrigated with 75%FW + 25% contaminated water (CW), plants irrigated with 50%FW + 50% CW, plants irrigated with 25%FW + 75% CW, and plants irrigated with 100% CW. The effect of various treatments on maize growth indices and concentration of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in the plant was significant at 5% level. The concentration of these metals in the shoot of plants irrigated with 75 and 100% CW was higher than the permissible limits for Cd(II) and Pb(II) in livestock feed. However, the concentration of these metals in the shoot of the plants irrigated with 25 and 50% CW was lower than the permissible limit for this use. In this study, the combined application of 3%biochar and E. cloacae R7 had a significant effect on increased root dry weight (ranging from 29 to 33%), shoot dry weight (ranging from 32 to 43%) and bacterial root colonization (ranging from 33 to 53%) and on reduced concentration of Pb (ranging from 78 to 80%) and Cd (ranging from 72 to 76%) of the shoot of maize plant (edible tissues used by livestock), which was below the permissible limits for livestock feed, compared to corresponding controls. According to the results of this study, to reduce the concentration of the heavy metals in forage maize shoot (below the permissible limits for livestock feed), it is suggested using heavy metal-contaminated water either in combination with freshwater (50 or 75% FW) or in combination with biochar and bacterial biosorbent, averting human/animal health risk.

Dataset Information

The Evaluation of Municipal Waste in Counties in Poland with the Use of the Theory of Phenomena Spatial Concentration.

Publications

The Evaluation of Municipal Waste in Counties in Poland with the Use of the Theory of Phenomena Spatial Concentration.

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