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Dataset on open/blind hole-hole interaction in barely visible impact damaged composite laminates.

ABSTRACT: This dataset contains the mechanical properties and structural characteristics with images of the carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite (CFRP) laminates with open/blind holes. The mechanical dataset are the fracture strength, strain at fracture, strain energy density for resilience, strain energy density to fracture and stiffness of the CFRP laminates for different setups (namely 1 hole, 2 holes parallel to applied load, and 2 holes normal to applied load) from pristine and barely visible impact damage (BVID) specimens, determine from in-plane compression test. The structural-related dataset include thermographs, images of BVID specimens, drilling-induced damage BVID specimens and video clips of crack propagation during in-plane compression testing.

SUBMITTER: Lai WL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7744944 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Experimental data on fracture of open-hole composite laminates subjected to tension loading.

Project description:In this data article, we present detailed failure process of big open-hole carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates subjected to tension loading, which are tested by digital image correlation (DIC) system and electrical strain gauge system. In experiments, three different lay-ups are applied tension loading until specimens' failure. Several strain gages are distributed in different locations of specimens to measure strains during loading, at the same time, DIC is adopted to obtain field strains of specimens. The maximum force and failure modes of different lay-ups composite laminates are tested. The failure process is displayed by strain field images, and final failure images are also supplied in this article. Detailed numerical analysis are reported in [1].

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Dataset on mechanical properties of damaged fibre composite laminates with drilled vent-holes for resin-injection repair procedure.

Project description:This dataset comprises the mechanical properties of pristine and barely visible impact damaged (BVID) carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite (CFRP) laminates. The mechanical dataset describes the compressive strength, compressive strain at fracture, strain energy density for resilience and strain energy density to fracture of the CFRP laminates with different number of vent holes (namely 4, 5 and 6) in the respective pristine and BVID states. The vent holes were created in the laminate to facilitate the resin-injection repair process. The mechanical properties were determined from in-plane compression test of the CFRP laminates. Structure-related dataset, namely infrared thermographs and ultrasonic C-scan images of BVID and other damage features induced by mechanical drilling, are included for completeness.

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Reconstruction of Barely Visible Impact Damage in Composite Structures Based on Non-Destructive Evaluation Results.

Project description:The occurrence of barely visible impact damage (BVID) in aircraft composite components and structures being in operation is a serious problem, which threatens structural safety of an aircraft, and should be timely detected and, if necessary, repaired according to the obligatory regulations of currently applied maintenance methodologies. Due to difficulties with a proper detection of such a type of damage even with non-destructive testing (NDT) methods as well as manual evaluation of the testing results, supporting algorithms for post-processing of these results seem to be of a high interest for aircraft maintenance community. In the following study, the authors proposed new approaches for BVID reconstruction based on results of ultrasonic and X-ray computed tomographic testing using authored advanced image processing algorithms. The studies were performed on real composite structures taking into consideration failure mechanisms occurring during impact damaging. The developed algorithms allow extracting relevant diagnostic information both from ultrasonic B-and C-Scans as well as from tomographic 3D arrays used for the validation of ultrasonic reconstructed damage locations, which allows for a significant improvement of the detectability of BVID in tested structures. The developed approach can be especially useful for NDT operators evaluating the results of structural NDT inspections.

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Green's functions for unsymmetric composite laminates with inclusions.

Project description:It is known that the stretching and bending deformations will be coupled together for the unsymmetric composite laminates under in-plane force and/or out-of-plane bending moment. Although Green's functions for unsymmetric composite laminates with elliptical elastic inclusions have been obtained by using Stroh-like formalism around 10 years ago, due to the ignoring of inconsistent rigid body movements of matrix and inclusion, the existing solution may lead to displacement discontinuity across the interface between matrix and inclusion. Due to the multi-valued characteristics of complex logarithmic functions appeared in Green's functions, special attention should be made on the proper selection of branch cuts of mapped variables. To solve these problems, in this study, the existing Green's functions are corrected and a simple way to correctly evaluate the mapped complex variable logarithmic functions is suggested. Moreover, to apply the obtained solutions to boundary element method, we also derive the explicit closed-form solution for Green's function of deflection. Since the continuity conditions along the interface have been satisfied in Green's functions, no meshes are required along the interface, which will save a lot of computational time and the results are much more accurate than any other numerical methods.

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Tensile Testing of Aged Flexible Unidirectional Composite Laminates for Body Armor.

Project description:Flexible Unidirectional (UD) composite laminates are commonly being used for ballistic-resistant body armor. These laminates comprise UD layers, each constructed by laminating thin layers of high-performance fibers held in place using very low modulus binder resins, with the fibers in each layer oriented parallel to each other. As these materials are used in body armor, it is important to investigate their long-term reliability, particularly with regards to exposure to temperature and humidity as these are known causes of degradation in other commonly used body armor materials. This work investigates the tensile behavior of a poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), or PPTA flexible UD laminate aged for up to 150 d at accelerated conditions of 70 °C and 76 % relative humidity (RH). Tests were performed at three different crosshead displacement rates and three different gauge lengths. The effect of ageing on the mechanical properties of the material resulted in less than 10 % degradation in tensile strength, with a more significant reduction in longer specimens when tested at slower rates.

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Cutting Procedures, Tensile Testing, and Ageing of Flexible Unidirectional Composite Laminates.

Project description:Many body armor designs incorporate unidirectional (UD) laminates. UD laminates are constructed of thin (<0.05 mm) layers of high-performance yarns, where the yarns in each layer are oriented parallel to each other and held in place using binder resins and thin polymer films. The armor is constructed by stacking the unidirectional layers in different orientations. To date, only very preliminary work has been performed to characterize the ageing of the binder resins used in unidirectional laminates and the effects on their performance. For example, during the development of the conditioning protocol used in the National Institute of Justice Standard-0101.06, UD laminates showed visual signs of delamination and reductions in V50, which is the velocity at which half of the projectiles are expected to perforate the armor, after ageing. A better understanding of the material property changes in UD laminates is necessary to comprehend the long-term performance of armors constructed from these materials. There are no current standards recommended for mechanically interrogating unidirectional (UD) laminate materials. This study explores methods and best practices for accurately testing the mechanical properties of these materials and proposes a new test methodology for these materials. Best practices for ageing these materials are also described.

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Inverse design of bistable composite laminates with switching tunneling method for global optimization

Project description: Not available

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Cell-laden composite suture threads for repairing damaged tendons.

Project description:Tendons have limited regenerative capacity due to their low cellularity and hypovascular nature, which results in poor clinical outcomes of presently used therapies. As tendon injuries are often observed in active adults, it poses an increasing socio-economic burden on healthcare systems. Currently, suture threads are used during surgical repair to anchor the tissue graft or to connect injured ends. Here, we created composite suture threads coated with a layer of cell-laden hydrogel that can be used for bridging the injured tissue aiming at tendon regeneration. In addition, the fibres can be used to engineer 3-dimensional constructs through textile processes mimicking the architecture and mechanical properties of soft tissues, including tendons and ligaments. Encapsulated human tendon-derived cells migrated within the hydrogel and aligned at the surface of the core thread. An up-regulation of tendon-related genes (scleraxis and tenascin C) and genes involved in matrix remodelling (matrix metalloproteinases 1, matrix metalloproteinases 2) was observed. Cells were able to produce a collagen-rich matrix, remodelling their micro-environment, which is structurally comparable to native tendon tissue.

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Compression after Impact Behaviour and Failure Analysis of Nanosilica-Toughened Thin Epoxy/GFRP Composite Laminates.

Project description:Nanosilica particles were utilized as secondary reinforcement to enhance the strength of the epoxy resin matrix. Thin glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates of 3 ± 0.25 mm were developed with E-Glass mats of 610 GSM and LY556 epoxy resin. Nanosilica fillers were mixed with epoxy resin in the order of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt% through mechanical stirring followed by an ultrasonication method. Thereafter, the damage was induced on toughened laminates through low-velocity drop weight impact tests and the induced damage was assessed through an image analysis tool. The residual compression strength of the impacted laminates was assessed through compression after impact (CAI) experiments. Laminates with nanosilica as secondary reinforcement exhibited enhanced compression strength, stiffness, and damage suppression. Results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that physical toughening mechanisms enhanced the strength of the nanoparticle-reinforced composite. Failure analysis of the damaged area through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evidenced the presence of key toughening mechanisms like damage containment through micro-cracks, enhanced fiber-matrix bonding, and load transfer.

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Effects of the Electrophoretic Deposition of CNTs on the Mechanical Properties of Ti/CFRP Composite Laminates.

Project description:The interfacial performance between metals and resins significantly affects the mechanical properties of fiber-metal laminates. In this study, CNTs were deposited on a titanium surface via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to improve the interfacial performance of Ti/carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates. Before EPD, the titanium plates were treated by either sandblasting, anodizing, or sandblasting/anodizing. A macroscopically rough surface and an oxide layer were formed by sandblasting and anodizing, then CNTs were deposited, and a porous layer was obtained, which improved the wettability and bonding strength. Finally, the static mechanical properties (single-lap properties, bending properties, and interlaminar shear properties) and dynamic mechanical properties (impact resistance) of the laminates were systematically explored. The introduction of CNTs played an important role in dispersing and carrying loads and providing a strong crack propagation resistance, which improved the laminates' static mechanical properties and reduced the delamination damage under dynamic impact. Compared with the original composite laminates, the bond strength, bending strength, and interlaminar shear strength of the laminates deposited with CNTs after sandblasting were increased by 117.94, 46.85, and 145.61%, respectively. When the impact energy was 35 J, the damage area of the composite laminate deposited with CNTs was decreased by 27.75%.

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