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The complete mitochondrial genome of Hemerobius japonicus (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae).

ABSTRACT: The complete mitochondrial genome of Hemerobius japonicus Nakahara, 1915 was sequenced in this study. The complete mitochondrial genome is a typical double-stranded circular molecule of 18,585 bp (GenBank accession number: MN852445), containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial gene and an A + T-rich region. The gene order is identical to that of the putative ancestral arrangement of insects and other lacewings. 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) possessed common triplet initiation codons ATN except ND1 possessed TTG and mostly terminated with TAN codons except for ND5 and ND4 with a single T residue adjacent to a downstream tRNA gene. All of the 22 tRNAs, ranging from 63 to 72 bp, can be folded into classic clover-leaf secondary structure except for tRNA^Ser(AGN) , in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm did not form a stable stem-loop structure. The control region is 1416 bp long with an A + T content of 90.3%. In the sampled families of Neuroptera, each family showed a monophyletic cluster and Polystoechotidae + Rapismatidae, Osmylidae + the remaining families, Hemerobiidae + (Chrysopidae + (Polystoechotidae + Rapismatidae)) are recovered in phylogenetic analyses with high supports.

SUBMITTER: Zhao Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7748667 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The last time the phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Hemerobiidae were studied quantitatively was over 12 years ago and based exclusively on morphology. Our study builds upon this morphological evidence by adding sequence data from three gene loci to provide a total evidence phylogeny of brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae). Thirty-seven species representing nineteen Hemerobiidae genera were compared with outgroups from the families Ithonidae, Psychopsidae and Chrysopidae in Bayesian and parsimony analyses using a single nuclear gene (CAD) and two mitochondrial (16S rDNA and Cytochrome Oxidase I) genes. We compare divergence time estimates of Hemerobiidae cladogenesis under the two most commonly used relaxed clock models and discuss the evolution of wing venation in the family.We recovered a phylogeny largely incongruent with previously published morphological studies, although all but two subfamilies (i.e., Notiobiellinae and Drepanacrinae) were recovered as monophyletic. We found the subfamily Drepanacrinae paraphyletic with respect to Psychobiellinae, and Notiobiellinae to be polyphyletic. We thus offer a revised concept of Notiobiellinae, comprising only Notiobiella Banks, and erect a new subfamily Zachobiellinae including the remaining genera previously placed in Notiobiellinae. Psychobiellinae is synonymized with Drepanacrinae. Unlike the previous hypothesis that proposed a remarkably laddered topology, our tree suggests that hemerobiids diverged as three main clades. Moreover, in contrast to the vein proliferation hypothesis, we found that hemerobiids have instead undergone multiple reductions in the number of radial veins, this scenario questions the relevance of this character as diagnostic of various subfamiliesOur phylogenetic hypothesis and divergence times analysis suggest that extant hemerobiids originated around the end of the Triassic and evolved as three distinct clades that diverged from one another during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Contrary to earlier phylogenetic hypotheses, Carobius Banks (Carobiinae) is sister to the previously unplaced genus Notherobius New in a clade more closely related to Sympherobiinae, Megalominae and Zachobiellinae subfam. nov. The addition of taxa which are not available for DNA sequencing should be the focus of future studies, especially Adelphohemerobius Oswald, which is particularly important to test our inferences regarding the evolution of wing venation in Hemerobiidae.

Dataset Information

The complete mitochondrial genome of Hemerobius japonicus (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae).

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