The complete mitochondrial genome of Micromus paganus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae: Microminae) with phylogenetic analysis.
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ABSTRACT: The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Micromus paganus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae: Microminae) was assembled and the phylogenetic analysis of Chrysopoidea was conducted. The mt genome was 16,607 bp long including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (CR). Twelve PCGs started with typical ATN, but COI initiated with TCG. The control region was 1335 bp long and the base composition was 89.66% of A + T. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. paganus was the sister group to Micromus sp. + M. angulatus. Hemerobiinae and Microminae were recovered monophyletic with high support values. However, the monophyly of Drepanepteryginae was not recovered, which needed more samplings from this subfamily in the further study. The closer relationship between Microminae and Drepanepteryginae was supported. Hemerobiidae was demonstrated monophyletic and being the sister group to Chrysopidae.
Project description:The complete mitochondrial genome of Hemerobius spodipennis Yang, 1987 was sequenced in this study. The complete mitochondrial genome is a typical double-stranded circular molecule of 16,343 bp (GenBank accession number: MT268963) comprising of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The gene order is identical to that of the putative ancestral arrangement of insects and other lacewings. All protein-coding genes initiate with ATN, except COI use CGA as start codons and terminate with TAG or TAA, expect ND5 and ND4 use TA- or a single T-- residue as the stop codon. All tRNAs, ranging from 63 to 72 bp, can be folded into typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for tRNASer(AGN) , in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm did not form a stable stem-loop structure. The control region is 1433 bp long with an A + T content of 91.4%. In the sampled families of Neuroptera, each family showed a monophyletic cluster and Polystoechotidae + Rapismatidae, Hemerobiidae + (Chrysopidae + (Polystoechotidae + Rapismatidae)), are recovered in phylogenetic analyses with high supports.
Project description:The complete mitochondrial genome of Hemerobius japonicus Nakahara, 1915 was sequenced in this study. The complete mitochondrial genome is a typical double-stranded circular molecule of 18,585 bp (GenBank accession number: MN852445), containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial gene and an A + T-rich region. The gene order is identical to that of the putative ancestral arrangement of insects and other lacewings. 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) possessed common triplet initiation codons ATN except ND1 possessed TTG and mostly terminated with TAN codons except for ND5 and ND4 with a single T residue adjacent to a downstream tRNA gene. All of the 22 tRNAs, ranging from 63 to 72 bp, can be folded into classic clover-leaf secondary structure except for tRNASer(AGN) , in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm did not form a stable stem-loop structure. The control region is 1416 bp long with an A + T content of 90.3%. In the sampled families of Neuroptera, each family showed a monophyletic cluster and Polystoechotidae + Rapismatidae, Osmylidae + the remaining families, Hemerobiidae + (Chrysopidae + (Polystoechotidae + Rapismatidae)) are recovered in phylogenetic analyses with high supports.
Project description:The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Hemerobius simulans Walker (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) is reported in this work. The whole mt genome is 17,985 bp long and contains 37canonical genes and an A + T-rich region, which is the same with insect ancestral mt genome arrangement. All 13 PCGs used the typical ATN as initiation codons. The control region of H. simulans mt genome is 1,416 bp long and the base composition is 90.0% of A + T. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Hemerobiidae was monophyletic and was the sister group to Chrysopidae.
Project description:The complete mitochondrial genome sequenced from the floral egg crab Atergatis floridus (Linnaeus, 1767) and the determination of the position of the species in the reconstructed phylogenetic tree of the infraorder Brachyura using the protein coding mitochondrial genes are presented. Results show the mitochondrial genome length of A. floridus is 16,435 bp with nucleotide distribution as 33.4% A, 20.3% C, 10.5% G and 35.8% T. The structure of the complete mitochondrial genome of the species is the same as with the previous xanthid record. The result of the phylogenetic analysis suggests that A. floridus is the closest species to other Xanthidae species in the brachyuran records. This is the first complete mitochondrial genome record from the genus Atergatis.
Project description:The genus Hybos Meigen, 1803 belongs to the subfamily Hybotinae of the family Empididae. Here we report a mitogenome of Hybos grossipes (Linnaeus, 1767) as the new representative of the subfamily Hybotinae. The complete mitogenome is 16,325 bp in total, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The nucleotide composition is biased toward A and T, accounting for 77.2% of the total. All PCGs start with ATN codons except COI, NAD1, and NAD5, and end with TAA or incomplete stop codon T. The phylogenetic result generated by IQ-Tree based on 13 PGCs showed that the subfamily Hybotinae is monophyletic, and the subfamily Hybotinae is a sister group of the subfamily Ocydromiinae.
Project description:Astragalus sinicus Linne 1767 is a traditional winter-growing green manure, that plays an important role in upgrading soil fertility and maintaining crop yield and quality for rice fields. This study reports the complete chloroplast genome of A. sinicus. The chloroplast genome contained 110 complete genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes with 123,830 bp in length and a 34.66% GC content with IR loss. The evolutionary history, referred to as the maximum-likelihood (ML), showed that A. sinicus and Astragalus bhotanensis were most closely related. The chloroplast genome analysis of A. sinicus will serve as a reference for future studies on species evolution, plant conservation, and molecular phylogeny in Astragalus.
Project description:In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758) was sequenced using the-next generation sequencing technology. The assembled mitogenome of M. mellinum has a total length of 16,055bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The results of phylogenetic reconstruction based on the combined mitochondrial gene dataset indicated that M. mellinum belongs to Melanostoma genus with a close relationship to Melanostoma orientale, but the monophyly of the tribe Bacchini is not well supported.
Project description:The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Syritta pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) was sequenced with 15,745 bp in length including 37 genes and a non-coding region. The overall nucleotide composition showed a strong AT bias. Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) used ATN as the start codon while ATP6 and ND1 used TTG, and stopped by TAA or TAG but ND5 ended with an incomplete T. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on the 24 complete mitochondrial sequences from Syrphidae using the methods of maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI), resulted in S. pipiens clustered into the clade of Eristalinae, which conformed to the traditional classification, but the trees did not support the monophyly of Eristalinae. More molecular data is needed for further study.
Project description:The owlflies (Family Ascalaphidae) belong to the Neuroptera but are often mistaken as dragonflies because of morphological characters. To date, only three mitochondrial genomes of Ascalaphidae, namely Libelloides macaronius; Ascaloptynx appendiculatus; Ascalohybris subjacens, are published in GenBank, meaning that they are greatly under-represented in comparison with the 430 described species reported in this family. In this study, we sequenced and described the complete mitochondrial genome of Suhpalacsa longialata (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae). The total length of the S. longialata mitogenome was 15,911 bp, which is the longest known to date among the available family members of Ascalaphidae. However, the size of each gene was similar to the other three Ascalaphidae species. The S. longialata mitogenome included a transposition of tRNACys and tRNATrp genes and formed an unusual gene arrangement tRNACys-tRNATrp-tRNATyr (CWY). It is likely that the transposition occurred by a duplication of both genes followed by random loss of partial duplicated genes. The nucleotide composition of the S. longialata mitogenome was as follows: A = 41.0%, T = 33.8%, C = 15.5%, G = 9.7%. Both Bayesian inference and ML analyses strongly supported S. longialata as a sister clade to (Ascalohybris subjacens + L. macaronius), and indicated that Ascalaphidae is not monophyletic.
Project description:Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758 breed Murrah, MB) is a most productive water buffalo breed. It is the first time that the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the MB was reported. The total length of the mtDNA is 16,359 bp, It contains the typical structure, including 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop region). The overall composition of the mtDNA was estimated to be 33.00% for A, 26.32% for T, 26.71% for C and 13.97% for G. Phylogenetic analyses using N-J computational algorithms showed that the analyzed 18 Ruminantia species are divided into four major clades: Bovidae, Cervidae, Giraffidae and Atilocapridae. In addition, our work confirmed that MB and Bubalus bubalis isolate India 4 have a close genetic relationship.