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Glutamate Decarboxylase from Lactic Acid Bacteria-A Key Enzyme in GABA Synthesis.

ABSTRACT: Glutamate decarboxylase (l-glutamate-1-carboxylase, GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible ?-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid to ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and CO₂. The enzyme is widely distributed in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes, where it-together with its reaction product GABA-fulfils very different physiological functions. The occurrence of gad genes encoding GAD has been shown for many microorganisms, and GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been a focus of research during recent years. A wide range of traditional foods produced by fermentation based on LAB offer the potential of providing new functional food products enriched with GABA that may offer certain health-benefits. Different GAD enzymes and genes from several strains of LAB have been isolated and characterized recently. GABA-producing LAB, the biochemical properties of their GAD enzymes, and possible applications are reviewed here.

SUBMITTER: Yogeswara IBA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7761890 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Glutamate Decarboxylase from Lactic Acid Bacteria-A Key Enzyme in GABA Synthesis.

Yogeswara Ida Bagus Agung IBA Maneerat Suppasil S Haltrich Dietmar D

Microorganisms 20201203 12

Glutamate decarboxylase (l-glutamate-1-carboxylase, GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible α-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and CO<sub>2</sub>. The enzyme is widely distributed in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes, where it-together with its reaction product GABA-fulfils very different physiological functions. The occurrence of <i>gad</i> genes encoding GAD has been shown for many microorganisms, and GABA-p ...[more]

PMID: 33287375

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