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Effects of Anthocyanins in Composite Meals on Cardiometabolic Outcomes-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials.

ABSTRACT: Accumulating epidemiological evidence suggests that anthocyanin intake is associated with reduced risks of cardiometabolic disorders, highlighting the importance of incorporating the phytochemical in our diets. Numerous food-based intervention studies have examined, in controlled meal settings, the role of anthocyanin on cardiometabolic health; but their effects have not been systematically summarized. This study aims to systematically review and summarize the effects of anthocyanin consumption with composite meals on cardiometabolic health from randomized controlled feeding trials. A systematic literature search for relevant human nutritional intervention studies was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and Scopus databases. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the study quality. Eighteen articles involving 371 participants were included in this review. Consistent improvements from anthocyanin intake were found in glycemic, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) responses. Anthocyanin intake did not significantly affect other markers of energy metabolism, vascular functions, oxidative stress and antioxidant status, as well as inflammatory responses. Inconsistencies in successful outcomes between epidemiological studies and included interventions were largely attributed to matrix effects, which may impede the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins and consequently, limiting its health benefits when co-delivered with some foods.

SUBMITTER: Ou JLS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7763924 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Anthocyanins in Composite Meals on Cardiometabolic Outcomes-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials.

Ou Jun Leong Sean JLS Yang Dimeng D Liu Mei Hui MH

Nutrients 20201209 12

Accumulating epidemiological evidence suggests that anthocyanin intake is associated with reduced risks of cardiometabolic disorders, highlighting the importance of incorporating the phytochemical in our diets. Numerous food-based intervention studies have examined, in controlled meal settings, the role of anthocyanin on cardiometabolic health; but their effects have not been systematically summarized. This study aims to systematically review and summarize the effects of anthocyanin consumption ...[more]

PMID: 33317160

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Project description:Abstract Objectives Nordic dietary patterns may have a role in diabetes management. To inform the update of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) clinical practice guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of Nordic dietary patterns and cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods We searched Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE through Aug 2019. We included cohort studies of ≥1 y and RCTs of ≥3 wk. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. The primary outcome was CVD in cohort studies and LDL-C in RCTs. Secondary outcomes included CHD and stroke in cohort studies and markers of glycemic control, lipids, adiposity, BP and inflammation in RCTs. Data were expressed as relative risks (RR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). GRADE assessed the certainty of evidence. Results We identified 10 cohort studies in people inclusive of diabetes and 6 RCTs in people with ≥1 risk factor (overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia). Nordic dietary patterns were associated with lower risk of the primary outcome, total CVD (RR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88, 0.99]) and CVD mortality (0.83 [0.73, 0.94]), as well as stroke (0.88 [0.79, 0.98]) in cohort studies. Although Nordic dietary patterns did not reduce the primary outcome, LDL-C, in RCTs, there were reductions in other established lipid targets, non-HDL-C (MD, −0.49 mmol/L [95% CI, −0.67, −0.30]) and apo B (0.15 g/L [−0.19, −0.11]), as well as weight (2.10 kg [−3.58, −0.63]), BMI (−0.90 kg/m2 [−1.11, −0.69]), waist circumference (2.22 cm [−3.36, −1.09], diastolic BP (1.78 mmHg [−3.21, −0.35]) and insulin (7.23 pmol/L [−11.88, −2.58]). The certainty of evidence was moderate for the reductions in CVD mortality, established lipid targets, adiposity markers, and insulin and low for all other outcomes. Conclusions Nordic dietary patterns are associated with decreased CVD and reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in people inclusive of or at risk for diabetes. The available data indicate a benefit for people with diabetes with a moderate likelihood that more studies will alter our estimates. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT04094194) Funding Sources Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the EASD, CIHR, Diabetes Canada, Joannah and Brian Lawson Center for Child Nutrition, Connaught Fund, Onassis Foundation.

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Project description:Objective: The associations between intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries and cardiovascular risks remained to be established. We aimed to quantitatively summarize the effects of purified anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries on major surrogate markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the longitudinal associations between dietary anthocyanins and CVD events. Methods: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies. Results: We included 44 eligible RCTs and 15 prospective cohort studies in this study. Pooled analysis of RCTs showed that purified anthocyanin supplementation could significantly reduce blood LDL cholesterol (weighted mean difference (WMD): -5.43 mg/dL, 95% CI: -8.96, -1.90 mg/dL; p = 0.003) and triglyceride (WMD: -6.18 mg/dL, 95% CI: -11.67, -0.69 mg/dL; p = 0.027) while increase HDL cholesterol (WMD: 11.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: 7.43, 15.55 mg/dL; p < 0.001) concentrations. Purified anthocyanins also markedly decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (WMD: -1.62 pg/mL, 95% CI: -2.76, -0.48 pg/mL; p = 0.005) and C-reactive protein (WMD: -0.028 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.050, -0.005 mg/dL; p = 0.014). Besides, administration of anthocyanin-rich berries could significantly lower blood total cholesterol (WMD: -4.48 mg/dL, 95% CI: -8.94, -0.02 mg/dL; p = 0.049) and C-reactive protein (WMD: -0.046 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.070, -0.022 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Neither purified anthocyanins nor anthocyanin-rich berries could cause any substantial improvements in BMI, blood pressure, or flow-mediated dilation. In addition, meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies suggested that high dietary anthocyanins were related to lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (relative risk (RR): 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95; p = 0.009), total CVD incidence (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.97; p = 0.030), and total CVD deaths (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Habitual intake of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich berries could protect against CVDs possibly via improving blood lipid profiles and decreasing circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020208782.

Project description:Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained attention as a promising diet for weight loss and dysmetabolic diseases management. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of IF on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). A systematic literature search was carried out using three electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, until October 2020. Randomized controlled trials that compared the IF intervention with a control group diet were included. Fourteen effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) using a fixed-effects model and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared to the ones within control groups, participants exposed to the IF intervention reduced their body weight (WMD, -1.78 kg; 95% CI, -2.21 to -1.35; p <0.05), waist circumference (WMD, -1.19 cm; 95% CI, -1.8 to -0.57; p <0.05), fat mass (WMD, -1.26 kg; 95% CI, -1.57 to -0.95; p <0.05), body mass index (WMD, -0.58 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.8 to -0.37; p <0.05), systolic blood pressure (WMD, -2.14 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.54 to -0.73; p <0.05), diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -1.38 mmHg, 95% CI, -2.35 to -0.41, p <0.05), fasting blood glucose (WMD: -0.053 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.105 to 0.001; p <0.05), fasting insulin (WMD, -0.8 mIU/L; 95% CI, -1.15 to -0.44; p <0.05), insulin resistance (WMD, -0.21; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.05; p <0.05), total cholesterol (WMD, -0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.17 to -0.02; p <0.05), and triglycerides (WMD, -0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.04; p <0.05). No effects were observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or glycosylated hemoglobin. This meta-analysis supports the role of IF in improving the component composition of CMRFs, including weight, waist circumference, fat mass, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance, compared to a control group diet. Further research on IF interventions should take into account long-term and well-designed administration to draw definitive conclusions.

Dataset Information

Effects of Anthocyanins in Composite Meals on Cardiometabolic Outcomes-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials.

Publications

Effects of Anthocyanins in Composite Meals on Cardiometabolic Outcomes-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials.

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