Dataset Information

Association of toll-like receptor polymorphisms with acquisition of HIV infection and clinical findings: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

To find the relationship between toll-like receptor (TLR) gene variants and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and clinical findings, which could inform clinical decisions and vaccination strategies.

Method

Four databases were searched for articles that were published on or before Jul.1, 2020. Review Manager 5.3 software was applied to perform meta-analysis to explore.

Results

A total of 10 studies involving 20 genes, 3697 cases, and 6498 controls were included in this systematic review. TLR2 -196 to -174?Ins/Del (odds ratio [OR]?=?1.562; P?=?.002), TLR4 rs4986790 (OR?=?2.05; P?=?.002), TLR3 rs3775291 (OR?=?0.25; P?=?.03), TLR7 rs179008 (P?=?.002), TLR7 rs2074109 (OR?=?0.27, P?=?.019) were found associated with HIV infection. TLR2 -196 to -174, TLR4 rs4986790, TLR7 rs179008, TLR8 rs3764880, TLR9 rs352140 were found associated with clinical findings of HIV infection. We identified 5 case-control studies in meta-analysis, involving 695 cases and 729 controls on TLR7 rs179008 polymorphism, totaling 652 cases and 614 controls on TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism. In meta-analysis, we employed various genetic models. The T allele of TLR7 rs179008 was conferred the risk of HIV infection (T vs A: OR?=?1.25, PA?=?.02). An increased risk of HIV infection was found for individuals with the TLR9 rs352140 GG genotype (GG vs AA: OR?=?1.50, PA?=?.04).

Conclusions

The systematic review indicated that TLR7 rs179008 T allele provides risk effects for HIV infection. TLR9 rs352140 GG genotype may associate with HIV infection.

SUBMITTER: Shi H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7769369 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Association of toll-like receptor polymorphisms with acquisition of HIV infection and clinical findings: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Shi Han H He Hongyan H Sun Changfeng C Fu Juan J Ghosh Dipritu D Deng Cunliang C Sheng Yunjian Y

Medicine 20201201 52

<h4>Background</h4>To find the relationship between toll-like receptor (TLR) gene variants and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and clinical findings, which could inform clinical decisions and vaccination strategies.<h4>Method</h4>Four databases were searched for articles that were published on or before Jul.1, 2020. Review Manager 5.3 software was applied to perform meta-analysis to explore.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 10 studies involving 20 genes, 3697 cases, and 6498 controls were ...[more]

PMID: 33350746

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Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the association between toll-like receptor (TLR) 3/7 gene polymorphisms and the infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV).MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and SinoMed were searched to identify studies focusing on the association between the TLR3 rs3775290 or the TLR7 rs179008 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the HCV infection. All the related articles were collected from the inception of each database to 15 January 2023. Our meta-analysis was conducted using the allelic model, the dominant model, and the recessive model. Outcomes were presented by odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The heterogeneity across studies was assessed by the I2 test. A subgroup analysis was performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Funnel plots were drawn to assess the risk of publication bias. Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsTen articles were finally included, among which six studies were analyzed for rs3775290 and five studies were analyzed for rs179008. Studies relating to rs3775290 included 801 patients and 1,045 controls, whereas studies relating to rs179008 included 924 patients and 784 controls. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there is no significant association between rs3775290 gene polymorphism and HCV infection (T vs. C: OR = 1.12, 95%CI 0.97-1.30; TT+CT vs. CC: OR = 1.20, 95%CI 0.73-1.96; TT vs. CT+CC: OR = 1.13, 95%CI 0.68-1.89). The recessive model showed that rs179008-T allele homozygotes had an 89% increased risk of infection by HCV compared with rs179008-A allele carriers (TT vs. AT+AA: OR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.13-3.16). The results of the subgroup analysis demonstrated that the characteristics of the control population may serve as an important source of heterogeneity. In the African populations, individuals with homozygous rs179008-T alleles had a higher risk of infection by HCV than rs179008-A allele carriers (OR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.18-3.87). We did not find that this difference existed in the European populations (OR = 1.24, 95%CI 0.43-3.56).ConclusionThere is no significant association between rs3775290 single nucleotide polymorphism and the infection by HCV. Individuals with homozygous rs179008-T alleles have a higher risk of an infection by HCV than rs179008-A allele carriers, which is statistically significant in the African populations.

Project description:BackgroundHIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections cause a substantial global disease burden and are epidemiologically correlated. Two previous systematic reviews of the association between HSV-2 and HIV found evidence that HSV-2 infection increases the risk of HIV acquisition, but these reviews are now more than a decade old.MethodsFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase (from Jan 1, 2003, to May 25, 2017) to identify studies investigating the risk of HIV acquisition after exposure to HSV-2 infection, either at baseline (prevalent HSV-2 infection) or during follow-up (incident HSV-2 infection). Studies were included if they were a cohort study, controlled trial, or case-control study (including case-control studies nested within a cohort study or clinical trial); if they assessed the effect of pre-existing HSV-2 infection on HIV acquisition; and if they determined the HSV-2 infection status of study participants with a type-specific assay. We calculated pooled random-effect estimates of the association between prevalent or incident HSV-2 infection and HIV seroconversion. We also extended previous investigations through detailed meta-regression and subgroup analyses. In particular, we investigated the effect of sex and risk group (general population vs higher-risk populations) on the relative risk (RR) of HIV acquisition after prevalent or incident HSV-2 infection. Higher-risk populations included female sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, serodiscordant couples, and attendees of sexually transmitted infection clinics.FindingsWe identified 57 longitudinal studies exploring the association between HSV-2 and HIV. HIV acquisition was almost tripled in the presence of prevalent HSV-2 infection among general populations (adjusted RR 2·7, 95% CI 2·2-3·4; number of estimates [Ne]=22) and was roughly doubled among higher-risk populations (1·7, 1·4-2·1; Ne=25). Incident HSV-2 infection in general populations was associated with the highest risk of acquisition of HIV (4·7, 2·2-10·1; Ne=6). Adjustment for confounders at the study level was often incomplete but did not significantly affect the results. We found moderate heterogeneity across study estimates, which was explained by risk group, world region, and HSV-2 exposure type (prevalent vs incident).InterpretationWe found evidence that HSV-2 infection increases the risk of HIV acquisition. This finding has important implications for management of individuals diagnosed with HSV-2 infection, particularly for those who are newly infected. Interventions targeting HSV-2, such as new HSV vaccines, have the potential for additional benefit against HIV, which could be particularly powerful in regions with a high incidence of co-infection.FundingWorld Health Organization.

Project description:Each year more than two million people are newly infected with HIV worldwide, a majority of them through unprotected vaginal sex. More than half of new infections in adults occur in women. Male condoms and male circumcision reduce the risk of HIV acquisition; but the uptake of these methods is out of the control of women. We therefore aimed to determine the effectiveness of vaginal microbicides (a potential female-controlled method) for prevention of sexual acquisition of HIV in women.We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature for publications of randomised controlled trials available by September 2012. We screened search outputs, selected studies, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data in duplicate; resolving differences by discussion and consensus.We identified 13 eligible trials that compared vaginal microbicides to placebo. These studies enrolled 35,905 sexually active HIV-negative women between 1996 and 2011; in Benin, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, India, Thailand, and the United States of America. A small trial of 889 women found that tenofovir (a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor) significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition (risk ratio [RR] 0.63, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.43 to 0.93). Effectiveness data are not yet available from follow-up tenofovir trials being conducted in South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe (1 trial) and multiple sites in South Africa (1 trial). We found no evidence of a significant effect for nonoxynol-9 (5 trials), cellulose sulphate (2 trials), SAVVY (2 trials), Carraguard (1 trial), PRO 2000 (2 trials), and BufferGel (1 trial) microbicides. The pooled RR for the effect of current experimental vaginal microbicides on HIV acquisition in women was 0.97, 95%CI 0.87 to 1.08. Although study results were homogeneous across the different drug classes (heterogeneity P?=?0.17, I2?=?27%), the overall intervention effect was not statistically significant. Nonoxynol-9 significantly increased the risk of having adverse genital lesions but no other microbicide led to significant increases in adverse events.There is not enough evidence at present to recommend vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention. Further high-quality research is needed to confirm the beneficial effects of tenofovir as well as continue the development and testing of new microbicides.

Dataset Information

Association of toll-like receptor polymorphisms with acquisition of HIV infection and clinical findings: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background

Method

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Association of toll-like receptor polymorphisms with acquisition of HIV infection and clinical findings: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

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