Dataset Information

A Pilot Study of the Effect of Deployment on the Gut Microbiome and Traveler's Diarrhea Susceptibility.

ABSTRACT: Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is a recurrent and significant issue for many travelers including the military. While many known enteric pathogens exist that are causative agents of diarrhea, our gut microbiome may also play a role in TD susceptibility. To this end, we conducted a pilot study of the microbiome of warfighters prior to- and after deployment overseas to identify marker taxa relevant to TD. This initial study utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to provide additional taxonomic resolution toward identifying predictive taxa.16S rRNA analyses of pre- and post-deployment fecal samples identified multiple marker taxa as significantly differentially abundant in subjects that reported diarrhea, including Weissella, Butyrivibrio, Corynebacterium, uncultivated Erysipelotrichaceae, Jeotgallibaca, unclassified Ktedonobacteriaceae, Leptolinea, and uncultivated Ruminiococcaceae. The ability to identify TD risk prior to travel will inform prevention and mitigation strategies to influence diarrhea susceptibility while traveling.

SUBMITTER: Stamps BW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7770225 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Pilot Study of the Effect of Deployment on the Gut Microbiome and Traveler's Diarrhea Susceptibility.

Stamps Blake W BW Lyon Wanda J WJ Irvin Adam P AP Kelley-Loughnane Nancy N Goodson Michael S MS

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 20201215

Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is a recurrent and significant issue for many travelers including the military. While many known enteric pathogens exist that are causative agents of diarrhea, our gut microbiome may also play a role in TD susceptibility. To this end, we conducted a pilot study of the microbiome of warfighters prior to- and after deployment overseas to identify marker taxa relevant to TD. This initial study utilized full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to provide additional taxonomic res ...[more]

PMID: 33384968

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Project description:BackgroundTraveler's diarrhea (TD) is a common health problem among visitors from developed to developing countries. Although global and regional estimates of pathogen distribution are available, the etiology of diarrhea among non-military travelers to Thailand is largely unknown.MethodsA prospective TD case-control study was conducted among adult travelers from developed countries at a prominent hospital in Bangkok, Thailand during 2001-2003. Stool samples were collected from acute TD cases and non-diarrheal controls and analyzed for bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens by microbiology, ELISA or PCR methods. Calculation of adjusted odd ratios for risk factors was performed by logistic regression using STATA statistical software.ResultsStool samples were collected and analyzed from 389 TD cases and 400 non-diarrhea controls. At least one pathogen was detected in 227 (58%) cases and 124 (31%) controls. Plesiomonas (14%), Vibrio (14%), Campylobacter (14%), and norovirus (12%) were the most frequently isolated pathogens among cases and significantly associated with diarrhea at p = 0.006, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively. Shigella (3%) and ETEC (8%), detected in lower prevalence, also showed significant association with TD at p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively. Travelers from East Asian countries had an increased risk of Vibrio infection (Crude odds ratio: 3.1, p-value = 0.001); travelers from the United States, Canada, and Europe had an increased risk of Campylobacter infection (Crude odds ratio: 2.6, p-value = 0.001); and travelers from Australia and New Zealand had an increased risk of Salmonella infection (Crude odds ratio: 3.2, p-value = 0.009).ConclusionsEtiology of TD in Thailand is mainly of bacterial origin. Plesiomonas, Vibrio, and norovirus are underappreciated diarrheagenic pathogens. In our study, the origin of the traveler plays an important role in diarrhea etiology. Understanding variations in TD severity and etiology among travelers from different regions warrants further study.

Project description:Pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), has been linked to an alteration of the resident microbial commensal community and of the interplay between the microbiota and the immune system. Dietary components such as fiber, acting on microbiota composition, could, in principle, result in immune modulation and, thus, could be used to obtain beneficial outcomes for patients. We verified this hypothesis in a pilot study involving two groups of clinically similar relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients who had undergone either a high-vegetable/low-protein diet (HV/LP diet group; N?=?10) or a "Western Diet" (WD group; N?=?10) for at least 12?months. Gut microbiota composition, analyzed by 16?S V4 rRNA gene sequencing and immunological profiles, was examined after a minimum of 12?months of diet. Results showed that, in the HV/LP diet group compared to the WD group: (1) Lachnospiraceae family was significantly more abundant; (2) IL-17-producing T CD4+ lymphocytes (p?=?0.04) and PD-1 expressing T CD4+ lymphocytes (p?=?0.0004) were significantly decreased; and (3) PD-L1 expressing monocytes (p?=?0.009) were significantly increased. In the HV/LP diet group, positive correlations between Lachnospiraceae and both CD14+/IL-10+ and CD14+/TGF?+monocytes (RSp?=?0.707, p?=?0.05, and RSp?=?0.73, p?=?0.04, respectively), as well as between Lachnospiraceae and CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ T lymphocytes (RSp?=?0.68, p?=?0.02) were observed. Evaluation of clinical parameters showed that in the HV/LP diet group alone the relapse rate during the 12?months follow-up period and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score at the end of the study period were significantly reduced. Diet modulates dysbiosis and improves clinical parameters in MS patients by increasing anti-inflammatory circuits. Because Lachnospiraceae favor Treg differentiation as well as TGF? and IL-10 production this effect could be associated with an increase of these bacteria in the microbiota.

Dataset Information

A Pilot Study of the Effect of Deployment on the Gut Microbiome and Traveler's Diarrhea Susceptibility.

Publications

A Pilot Study of the Effect of Deployment on the Gut Microbiome and Traveler's Diarrhea Susceptibility.

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