Dataset Information

Effect of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome in pediatric cancer patients: a pilot study.

ABSTRACT: The incidence of pediatric cancer is lower than that of adult cancer worldwide. However, the former has detrimental side effects on the health of individuals, even after the cancer is cured, due to the impact of treatment on development. Recently, correlations have been made between the gut microbiome and cancer in several studies but only on adult participants. There is always a complication of dealing with pediatric cancer treatment protocols because they usually include a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and intensive prophylactic antibiotics. In the current study, a pilot study was conducted to analyze ten fecal samples from three pediatric cancer patients, suffering from rhabdomyosarcoma near their pelvic region, and two healthy individuals. A correlation between microbial composition and response to treatment was reported, in which the responders had generally a lower microbial diversity compared to non-responders. In addition, nucleotide changes and deletions in the tested 16S rRNA sequences post radiotherapy were detected. Despite the small sample size used in the experiments due to the uncommon rhabdomyosarcoma in children, the results can help in understanding the influence of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome in pediatric cancer patients. More work with larger sample size and different cancer types need to be conducted to understand the influence of radiotherapy on gut microbiome to mitigate the deleterious impact of radiation on treated children.

SUBMITTER: Sahly N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6761921 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Effect of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome in pediatric cancer patients: a pilot study.

Sahly Nourhan N Moustafa Ahmed A Zaghloul Mohamed M Salem Tamer Z TZ

PeerJ 20190923

The incidence of pediatric cancer is lower than that of adult cancer worldwide. However, the former has detrimental side effects on the health of individuals, even after the cancer is cured, due to the impact of treatment on development. Recently, correlations have been made between the gut microbiome and cancer in several studies but only on adult participants. There is always a complication of dealing with pediatric cancer treatment protocols because they usually include a combination of chemo ...[more]

PMID: 31579590

Similar Datasets

Project description:Pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), has been linked to an alteration of the resident microbial commensal community and of the interplay between the microbiota and the immune system. Dietary components such as fiber, acting on microbiota composition, could, in principle, result in immune modulation and, thus, could be used to obtain beneficial outcomes for patients. We verified this hypothesis in a pilot study involving two groups of clinically similar relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients who had undergone either a high-vegetable/low-protein diet (HV/LP diet group; N?=?10) or a "Western Diet" (WD group; N?=?10) for at least 12?months. Gut microbiota composition, analyzed by 16?S V4 rRNA gene sequencing and immunological profiles, was examined after a minimum of 12?months of diet. Results showed that, in the HV/LP diet group compared to the WD group: (1) Lachnospiraceae family was significantly more abundant; (2) IL-17-producing T CD4+ lymphocytes (p?=?0.04) and PD-1 expressing T CD4+ lymphocytes (p?=?0.0004) were significantly decreased; and (3) PD-L1 expressing monocytes (p?=?0.009) were significantly increased. In the HV/LP diet group, positive correlations between Lachnospiraceae and both CD14+/IL-10+ and CD14+/TGF?+monocytes (RSp?=?0.707, p?=?0.05, and RSp?=?0.73, p?=?0.04, respectively), as well as between Lachnospiraceae and CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ T lymphocytes (RSp?=?0.68, p?=?0.02) were observed. Evaluation of clinical parameters showed that in the HV/LP diet group alone the relapse rate during the 12?months follow-up period and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score at the end of the study period were significantly reduced. Diet modulates dysbiosis and improves clinical parameters in MS patients by increasing anti-inflammatory circuits. Because Lachnospiraceae favor Treg differentiation as well as TGF? and IL-10 production this effect could be associated with an increase of these bacteria in the microbiota.

Project description:Responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and therapy-related toxicities in rectal cancer vary among patients. To provide the individualized therapeutic option for each patient, predictive markers of therapeutic responses and toxicities are in critical need. We aimed to identify the association of gut microbiome with and its potential predictive value for therapeutic responses and toxicities. In the present study, we collected fecal microbiome samples from patients with rectal cancer at treatment initiation and just after nCRT. Taxonomic profiling via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on all samples. Patients were classified as responders versus non-responders. Patients were grouped into no or mild diarrhea and severe diarrhea. STAMP and high-dimensional class comparisons via linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) were used to compare the compositional differences between groups. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was utilized to predict differences in metabolic function between groups. Ten patients were classified as responders and 12 patients were classified as non-responders. Fourteen patients experienced no or mild diarrhea and 8 patients experienced severe diarrhea. Several bacteria taxa with significantly different relative abundances before and after nCRT were identified. Similarly, several baseline bacteria taxa and predicted pathways with significantly different relative abundances between responders and non-responders or between patients no or mild diarrhea and severe diarrhea were identified. Specifically, Shuttleworthia was identified as enriched in responders and several bacteria taxa in the Clostridiales order etc. were identified as enriched in non-responders. Pathways including fatty acid metabolism were predicted to be enriched in responders. In addition, Bifidobacterium, Clostridia, and Bacteroides etc. were identified as enriched in patients with no or mild diarrhea. Pathways including primary bile acid biosynthesis were predicted to be enriched in patients with no or mild diarrhea. Together, the microbiota and pathway markers identified in this study may be utilized to predict the therapeutic responses and therapy-related toxicities of nCRT in patients with rectal cancer. More patient data is needed to verify the current findings and the results of metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic analyses will further mine key biomarkers at the compositional and functional level.

Dataset Information

Effect of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome in pediatric cancer patients: a pilot study.

Publications

Effect of radiotherapy on the gut microbiome in pediatric cancer patients: a pilot study.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure