DYRK1A regulates B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through phosphorylation of FOXO1 and STAT3.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bhansali RS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7773384 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, with an overall prevalence of 4/100,000, accounting for 25-30% of all childhood cancers. With advances in childhood ALL treatment, the cure rate for childhood ALL has exceeded 80% in most countries. However, refractory/relapsed ALL remains a leading cause of treatment failure and subsequent death. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors, but its role in B-cell ALL (B-ALL) has not been determined yet. Procedures: RNA sequencing was applied to an ALL case with induction failure (IF) to identify the possible genetic events. A cytokine-dependent growth assay in Ba/F3 cells was used to test the leukemic transformation capacity of MEIS1-FOXO1. The propidium iodide (PI) staining method was used to evaluate the effect of MEIS1-FOXO1 on cycle distribution. FOXO1 transactivity was examined using a luciferase reporter assay. FOXO1 mRNA expression levels were examined using real-time quantitative PCR among 40 children with B-ALL treated with the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol. Association analysis was performed to test the correlation of FOXO1 transcription with childhood B-ALL prognosis and relapse in a series of GEO datasets. An MTT assay was performed to test the drug sensitivity. Results: In this ALL case with IF, we identified a novel MEIS1-FOXO1 fusion gene. The transactivity of MEIS1-FOXO1 was significantly lower than that of wild-type FOXO1. MEIS1-FOXO1 potentiated leukemia transformation and promoted Ba/F3 cell cycle S-phase entry. Low FOXO1 transcription levels were found to be strongly associated with unfavorable ALL subtype, minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity, and relapse. Lower FOXO1 expression was associated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide resistance. Conclusions: Low FOXO1 transcription was associated with high-risk stratification and relapse in children with B-ALL, probably due to multi-drug resistance.
| S-EPMC7686545 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDespite marked advances in the clinical therapies, clinical outcome of most T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients remains poor, due to the high risk of relapse, even after complete remission. Previous studies suggest that the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has a dual role in hematologic malignancies, acting as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the tumor type. However, little is known about the expression and functions of SIRT1 in T-ALL leukemogenesis.MethodsPublic RNA-seq data, a Notch1 driven T-ALL mouse model and γ-secretase inhibitor were used to identify SIRT1 expression in T-ALL. We knocked down SIRT1 expression with ShRNAs and assessed the impacts of SIRT1 deficiency on cell proliferation, colony formation, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Transgenic SIRT1 knockout mice were used to determine the function of SIRT1 in vivo. RT-PCR, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analyses were used to detect SIRT1, p27 and CDK2 expression and their interactions.ResultsSIRT1 protein expression was positively correlated with the activation of Notch1. Downregulation of SIRT1 expression suppressed the proliferation and colony formation of T-ALL cell lines, which was reversed by SIRT1 overexpression. SIRT1 silencing prolonged the lifespan of T-ALL model mice. We demonstrated that p27 was involved in the downstream mechanism of cell cycle arrest induced by silencing SIRT1. SIRT1 increased the phosphorylation of p27 on Thr187 by deacetylating CDK2 and enhanced the interaction between p27 and SKP2 leading to the degradation of p27.ConclusionOur findings suggest that SIRT1 is a promising target in T-ALL and offer a mechanistic link between the upregulation of SIRT1 and downregulation of p27.
| S-EPMC8371879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Precursor-B-cell receptor (pre-BCR) signaling and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) recently were introduced as therapeutic targets for patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but the importance of this pathway in B-ALL subsets and mechanism of downstream signaling have not fully been elucidated. Here, we provide new detailed insight into the mechanism of pre-BCR signaling in B-ALL. We compared the effects of pharmacological and genetic disruption of pre-BCR signaling in vitro and in mouse models for B-ALL, demonstrating exquisite dependency of pre-BCR(+) B-ALL, but not other B-ALL subsets, on this signaling pathway. We demonstrate that SYK, PI3K/AKT, FOXO1 and MYC are important downstream mediators of pre-BCR signaling in B-ALL. Furthermore, we define a characteristic immune phenotype and gene expression signature of pre-BCR(+) ALL to distinguish them from other B-ALL subsets. These data provide comprehensive new insight into pre-BCR signaling in B-ALL and corroborate pre-BCR signaling and SYK as promising new therapeutic targets in pre-BCR(+) B-ALL.
| S-EPMC5459356 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Effective protection from viral infections depends on the antibody-specific isotype. Here, we found that the protein kinase, DYRK1A, is essential for B cell-mediated protection from viral infection and vaccination through regulation of class switch recombination (CSR). Dyrk1a-deficient B cells were impaired in CSR activity in vivo and in vitro. Phospho-proteomic screens and kinase-activity assays identified MSH6, a DNA mismatch repair protein, as a direct substrate for DYRK1A, and deletion of a single phosphorylation site attenuated CSR. After CSR and germinal center seeding, DYRK1A was required for proper clonal expansion of antigen-specific B cells through attenuation of proliferation. These findings reveal DYRK1A-mediated biological mechanisms of antibody-mediated immune responses that may be used for manipulation in antibody-mediated autoimmunity
2022-11-27 | GSE206146 | GEO
Project description:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is biologically distinct from its B lymphoblastic (B-ALL) counterpart and shows different kinetic patterns of disease response. Although very similar regimens are used to treat T-ALL and B-ALL, distinctions in response to different elements of therapy have been observed. Similar to B-ALL, the key prognostic determinant in T-ALL is minimal residual disease (MRD) response. Unlike B-ALL, other factors including age, white blood cell count at diagnosis, and genetics of the ALL blasts are not independently prognostic when MRD response is included. Recent insights into T-ALL biology, using modern genomic techniques, have identified a number of recurrent lesions that can be grouped into several targetable pathways, including Notch, Jak/Stat, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and MAPK. With contemporary chemotherapy, outcomes for de novo T-ALL have steadily improved and now approach those observed in B-ALL, with approximately 85% 5-year event-free survival. Unfortunately, salvage has remained poor, with less than 25% event-free and overall survival rates for relapsed disease. Thus, current efforts are focused on preventing relapse by augmenting therapy for high-risk patients, sparing toxicity in favorable subsets and developing new approaches for the treatment of recurrent disease.
| S-EPMC6142501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The molecular interactions between B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) cells and stromal cells in the bone marrow that provide microenvironmentally-mediated protection against therapeutic drugs are not well-defined. Galectin-3 (Lgals3) is a multifunctional galactose-binding lectin with reported location in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular space in different cell types. We previously reported that ALL cells co-cultured with stroma contain high levels of Galectin-3. We here establish that, in contrast to more mature B-lineage cancers, Galectin-3 detected in and on the ALL cells originates from stromal cells, which express it on their surface, secrete it as soluble protein and also in exosomes. Soluble and stromal-bound Galectin-3 is internalized by ALL cells, transported to the nucleus and stimulates transcription of endogenous LGALS3 mRNA. When human and mouse ALL cells develop tolerance to different drugs while in contact with protective stromal cells, Galectin-3 protein levels are consistently increased. This correlates with induction of Galectin-3 transcription in the ALL cells. Thus Galectin-3 sourced from stroma becomes supplemented by endogenous Galectin-3 production in the pre-B ALL cells that are under continuous stress from drug treatment. Our data suggest that stromal Galectin-3 may protect ALL cells through auto-induction of Galectin-3 mRNA and tonic NF?B pathway activation. Since endogenously synthesized Galectin-3 protects pre-B ALL cells against drug treatment, we identify Galectin-3 as one possible target to counteract the protective effects of stroma.
| S-EPMC4484463 | biostudies-other
Project description:To review the impact of collaborative studies on advances in the biology and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and adolescents.A review of English literature on childhood ALL focusing on collaborative studies was performed. The resulting article was reviewed and revised by the committee chairs of the major ALL study groups.With long-term survival rates for ALL approaching 90% and the advent of high-resolution genome-wide analyses, several international study groups or consortia were established to conduct collaborative research to further improve outcome. As a result, treatment strategies have been improved for several subtypes of ALL, such as infant, MLL-rearranged, Philadelphia chromosome-positive, and Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL. Many recurrent genetic abnormalities that respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and multiple genetic determinants of drug resistance and toxicities have been identified to help develop targeted therapy. Several genetic polymorphisms have been recognized that show susceptibility to developing ALL and that help explain the racial/ethnic differences in the incidence of ALL.The information gained from collaborative studies has helped decipher the heterogeneity of ALL to help improve personalized treatment, which will further advance the current high cure rate and the quality of life for children and adolescents with ALL.
| S-EPMC4567699 | biostudies-literature
Project description:T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of thymocytes. Using a transgenic screen in zebrafish, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) was uncovered as a collaborating oncogenic driver that accelerated T-ALL onset by expanding the initiating pool of transformed clones and elevating genomic instability. TOX is highly expressed in a majority of human T-ALL and is required for proliferation and continued xenograft growth in mice. Using a wide array of functional analyses, we uncovered that TOX binds directly to KU70/80 and suppresses recruitment of this complex to DNA breaks to inhibit nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. Impaired NHEJ is well known to cause genomic instability, including development of T-cell malignancies in KU70- and KU80-deficient mice. Collectively, our work has uncovered important roles for TOX in regulating NHEJ by elevating genomic instability during leukemia initiation and sustaining leukemic cell proliferation following transformation.Significance: TOX is an HMG box-containing protein that has important roles in T-ALL initiation and maintenance. TOX inhibits the recruitment of KU70/KU80 to DNA breaks, thereby inhibiting NHEJ repair. Thus, TOX is likely a dominant oncogenic driver in a large fraction of human T-ALL and enhances genomic instability. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1336-53. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1201.
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Project description:T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with inferior outcome compared with that of B cell ALL. Here, we show that Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was upregulated in high-risk T-ALL with KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2A-R) or an immature immunophenotype. In KMT2A-R cells, we identified RUNX2 as a direct target of the KMT2A chimeras, where it reciprocally bound the KMT2A promoter, establishing a regulatory feed-forward mechanism. Notably, RUNX2 was required for survival of immature and KMT2A-R T-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo. We report direct transcriptional regulation of CXCR4 signaling by RUNX2, thereby promoting chemotaxis, adhesion, and homing to medullary and extramedullary sites. RUNX2 enabled these energy-demanding processes by increasing metabolic activity in T-ALL cells through positive regulation of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Concurrently, RUNX2 upregulation increased mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis in T-ALL cells. Finally, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate that immature and KMT2A-R T-ALL cells were vulnerable to pharmacological targeting of the interaction between RUNX2 and its cofactor CBFβ. In conclusion, we show that RUNX2 acts as a dependency factor in high-risk subtypes of human T-ALL through concomitant regulation of tumor metabolism and leukemic cell migration.
| S-EPMC7954605 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and T-lineage leukemia have poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Adoptive cellular immunotherapies are emerging as an effective treatment for patients with chemotherapy refractory hematological malignancies. Indeed, the use of unselected donor lymphocyte infusions has demonstrated successes in treating patients with AML and T-lineage leukemia post-allogeneic transplantation. The development of ex vivo manipulation techniques such as genetic modification or selection and expansion of individual cellular components has permitted the clinical translation of a wide range of promising cellular therapies for AML and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we will review clinical studies to date using adoptive cell therapy approaches and outline the major challenges limiting the development of safe and effective cell therapies for both types of acute leukemia.
| S-EPMC6602906 | biostudies-literature