Bioinoculation using indigenous Bacillus spp. improves growth and yield of Zea mays under the influence of nanozeolite.
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ABSTRACT: Supplementary information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02561-2.
SUBMITTER: Chaudhary P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7778671 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In the present two-year study, an attempt was made to estimate the grain yield, grain nutrient uptake, and oil quality of three commonly grown maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids fertilized with varied levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Results obtained from both the experimental years indicated that application of 125% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded maximum grain yield (10.37 t ha-1; 124% higher than control). When compared with 100% RDF, grain yield reduction with nutrient omission was 44% for N omission, 17% for P omission, and 27% for K omission. Nitrogen uptake was increased with increasing NPK levels up to 150% RDF that was statistically at par (p ≥ 0.01) with 125% RDF. Increasing trend in P and K uptake was observed with successive increase in NPK levels up to 125% RDF, above which it declined. The protein content was significantly higher in grains of var. P 3396 with 125% RDF. Nutrient management has significant (p ≤ 0.01) role in the grain oil content. Saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic and arachidic acid) content decreased, and unsaturated fatty acid (oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid) increased with increasing NPK levels. The average oleic acid desaturation and linoleic acid desaturation ratios were increased with increasing NPK levels up to 100 and 125% RDF, respectively. However, average monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA): poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), saturated: unsaturated as well as linoleic: linolenic acid ratios were increased on receiving 75% RDF, and beyond that it showed decreasing trend. The omission of K had the highest inhibitory effect on corn oil quality followed by N and P omission.
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Project description:The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria along with nanochitosan on maize productivity remains unexplored. In the present study we report the effect of nanochitosan and PGPR on growth, productivity and mechanism(s) involved in defence response in Zea mays under field conditions. Application of nanochitosan (50 mg L-1) along with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhanced seed germination, plant height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll, carotenoids, total sugar and protein content upto 1.5-2 fold over control in maize after 60 days of the field experiment. Treated maize plants also showed enhanced level of defence-related biomolecules like phenolic compounds (103%), catalase (60.09%), peroxidase (81.57%) and superoxide dismutase (76.50%) over control. Level of phenols and sugar content in maize plants enhanced which was analysed by GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Significant increase in cob length, cob weight/plot, grain yield/plot and 100 grain weight was observed in treated maize plants over control. As per the results, the combination of nanochitosan and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria was reported to improve the health and yield of maize. The interaction can be further studied in field trials for improvement in agriculture production.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02790-z.
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Project description:Phenotypic stability under stress environment facilitate the fitness of genotype and opens new horizons to explore the cryptic genetic variation. Variation in tolerance to drought stress, a major grain yield constraint to global maize production, was identified, at the phenotypic and genotypic level. Here we found a prominent hybrid H9 that showed fitness over four growing seasons for grain yield under water stress conditions. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation of yield attributing traits over four seasons demonstrated that cobs per plant, 100 seed weight, number of grains rows per cob, total dry matter, cob diameter had positive association (r2 = 0.3-0.9) to grain yield. The perturbation was found for chlorophyll content as it showed moderate to strong association (P < 0.01) over four seasons, might be due to environment or genotype dependent. Highest heritability (95%) and genetic advance (79%) for grain yield was found in H9 over four consecutive crop growing seasons. Combined analysis over four seasons showed that studied variables together explained 85% of total variation in dependent structure (grain yield) obtained by Principal component analysis. This significant finding is the best example of phenotypic stability of grain yield in H9 and made it best fitted for grain yield under drought stress scenario. Detailed genetic analysis of H9 will help us to identify significant loci and alleles that made H9 the best fitted and it could serve as a potential source to generate novel transgressive levels of tolerance for drought stress in arid/semiarid regions.
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Project description:In this study we test the hypothesis that maize genotypes with reduced crown root number (CN) will have greater root depth and improved water acquisition from drying soil. Maize recombinant inbred lines with contrasting CN were evaluated under water stress in greenhouse mesocosms and field rainout shelters. CN varied from 25 to 62 among genotypes. Under water stress in the mesocosms, genotypes with low CN had 31% fewer crown roots, 30% deeper rooting, 56% greater stomatal conductance, 45% greater leaf CO2 assimilation, 61% net canopy CO2 assimilation, and 55% greater shoot biomass than genotypes with high CN at 35 days after planting. Under water stress in the field, genotypes with low CN had 21% fewer crown roots, 41% deeper rooting, 48% lighter stem water oxygen isotope enrichment (δ(18)O) signature signifying deeper water capture, 13% greater leaf relative water content, 33% greater shoot biomass at anthesis, and 57% greater yield than genotypes with high CN. These results support the hypothesis that low CN improves drought tolerance by increasing rooting depth and water acquisition from the subsoil.
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Project description:Phosphorous is one of the major limiting factors determining plant growth. Current agricultural practices mainly rely on the use of chemical fertilizers posing threat to the ecosystem. In this study, the application of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) in phosphorous (P)-limited conditions improved the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of Zea mays. ANE-treated Z. mays grown under P-limited conditions showed a higher P content than the control. ANE activated simultaneous responses, at multiple levels, in Z. mays grown under P-limited conditions as seen from the regulation of gene expression at the whole-plant level to specific biochemical responses on a subcellular level. ANE-supplemented Z. mays grown under P-limited conditions also showed reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation by an improved membrane stability. ANE treatment reduced P-limitation-induced oxidative damage in Z. mays by reducing H2O2 and O2- accumulation. Furthermore, ANE also induced the accumulation of the total contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Gene expression analysis suggested that ANE differentially modulated the expression of P-starvation responsive genes involved in metabolic, signal transduction, and developmental pathways in Z. mays. ANE also modulated the expression of genes involved in sugar, lipid, and secondary metabolism. Thus, this study illustrated the role of ANE in improving the productivity of Z. mays, an important crop, in P-limited conditions. Furthermore, it sets the framework to increase agricultural productivity in nutrient deficient soils using a sustainable, eco-friendly strategy.
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Project description:Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is emerging as a potential molecule involved in physiological regulation in plants. However, whether H2S regulates iron-shortage responses in plants is largely unknown. Here, the role of H2S in modulating iron availability in maize (Zea mays L. cv Canner) seedlings grown in iron-deficient culture solution is reported. The main results are as follows: Firstly, NaHS, a donor of H2S, completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis in maize seedlings grown in iron-deficient culture solution. Secondly, electron micrographs of mesophyll cells from iron-deficient maize seedlings revealed plastids with few photosynthetic lamellae and rudimentary grana. On the contrary, mesophyll chloroplasts appeared completely developed in H2S-treated maize seedlings. Thirdly, H2S treatment increased iron accumulation in maize seedlings by changing the expression levels of iron homeostasis- and sulphur metabolism-related genes. Fourthly, phytosiderophore (PS) accumulation and secretion were enhanced by H2S treatment in seedlings grown in iron-deficient solution. Indeed, the gene expression of ferric-phytosiderophore transporter (ZmYS1) was specifically induced by iron deficiency in maize leaves and roots, whereas their abundance was decreased by NaHS treatment. Lastly, H2S significantly enhanced photosynthesis through promoting the protein expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (RuBISCO LSU) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and the expression of genes encoding RuBISCO large subunit (RBCL), small subunit (RBCS), D1 protein (psbA), and PEPC in maize seedlings grown in iron-deficient solution. These results indicate that H2S is closely related to iron uptake, transport, and accumulation, and consequently increases chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis in plants.
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Project description:Image analysis methods for measuring crop phenotypes may replace traditional measurements if they more efficiently and reliably capture similar or superior information. This study used a recreational-grade unmanned aerial vehicle carrying a spectrally-modified consumer-grade camera to collect images in which each pixel value is a vegetation index based on the normalized difference between the blue and near infrared wavelength bands (BNDVI). The subjects of the study were Zea mays hybrids with good yield potential grown in 4-row plots. Flights were conducted at least once per week during three successive growing seasons in south-central Wisconsin. Average BNDVI for each plot (genotype) rose steadily through June, peaked in July, and then declined as plants matured. BNDVI histograms changed shape over the season as the canopy concealed soil, became more uniformly green, then senesced. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) captured the change in histogram shape. PC1 represented canopy closure. PC2 represented the mean of the BNDVI distribution. PC3 represented the spread of the distribution. Correlation analysis showed that flowering time correlated with PC2 and PC3 best (r ? 0.5) a few days before the event (day in which 50% of the plants exhibited tassels). Three ears were picked from each plot to quantify kernel dimensions by image analysis before each plot was mechanically harvested to determine grain weight per plot. Correlations between this measurement of yield and PC2 were low in June but exceeded 0.4 within 10 days after flowering. Kernel length correlated similarly with PC2. The correlation between PC2 and kernel thickness displayed a similar but inverted time course. These results indicate that greater mid-season BNDVI values correlate positively with yield comprised of tall, thin kernels. Partial least squares regression performed on the BNDVI time courses predicted flowering time (r = 0.54-0.79) and yield (r = 0.4-0.69). This three-year experiment demonstrated that readily available hardware and software can create a phenotyping platform capable of predicting maize flowering time, yield, and kernel dimensions to a useful degree.
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Project description:Drought significantly influences maize morphology and yield potential. The elucidation of the genetic mechanisms of yield components and morphological traits, and tightly linked molecular markers under drought stress are thus of great importance in marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding. Here, we identified 32 QTLs for grain weight per ear, kernel ratio, and ear height-to-plant height ratio across two F2:3 populations under both drought and non-drought conditions by single-environment mapping with composite interval mapping (CIM), of which 21 QTLs were mapped under water-stressed conditions. We identified 29 QTLs by joint analysis of all environments with mixed-linear-model-based composite interval mapping (MCIM), 14 QTLs involved in QTL-by-environment interactions, and 11 epistatic interactions. Further analysis simultaneously identified 20 stable QTLs (sQTLs) by CIM and MCIM could be useful for genetic improvement of these traits via QTL pyramiding. Remarkably, bin 1.07-1.10/6.05/8.03/8.06 exhibited four pleiotropic sQTLs that were consistent with phenotypic correlations among traits, supporting the pleiotropy of QTLs and playing important roles in conferring growth and yield advantages under contrasting watering conditions. These findings provide information on the genetic mechanisms responsible for yield components and morphological traits that are affected by different watering conditions. Furthermore, these alleles provide useful targets for MAS.
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Project description:Food production and waste recycling are the two major issues faced globally with rapidly increasing population. Recycling organic wastes to crop amendments could be a possible solution to these issues. Earthworms transfer organic waste to compost, which is used to grow crops and increase crop productivity. This study assessed the impact of vermicompost produced from the residues of six desert plant species, i.e., (Ziziphus mauritiana, Aerva javanica, Calligonum comosum, Sacchrum benghalens, Calligonum polygonoides and Prosopis cineraria) combined with farmyard manure (5 t ha-1) on growth, yield and photosynthetic activity of maize crop. Earthworm species Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) was used to prepare vermicomposting of all tested plant species. The desert species were collected from natural habitats, chopped, dried, mixed with FYM and then earthworms were released to prepare the vermicompost. The earthworms were excluded twenty days after release and resultant was considered as compost and used in the experiment. Results revealed that application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest plant height (75.33 cm), stem diameter (22.66 mm), cob length (17.66 cm), number of grains/cob (374.67), 1000-grain weight (260.41 g) and grains yield (3.20 t/ha). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest uptake of macronutrients, i.e., N (91.01%), P (22.07%), K (80.41%), micronutrients, i.e., Fe (19.07 ppm), Zn (40.05 ppm), and phenolic contents (150). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost also resulted in the highest quantum photosynthetic yield (0.42 mole C/mole of photon), chlorophyll florescence (355.18 moles of photon m-2s-1) and electron transport rate (310.18 micro mole m-2s-1). It is concluded that vermicomposting has the potential to improve growth and yield of maize crop. Particularly, application of vermicompost obtained from P. cineraria can be used to improve the growth and yield of maize crop. Nonetheless, field trials are necessary for a wide scale recommendation.
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Project description:Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known for growth promotion and mitigating environmental stresses. Here, we examined the propitiousness of three indigenous salt-tolerant PGPR, i.e., Bacillus subtilis (NBRI 28B), B. subtilis (NBRI 33 N), and B. safensis (NBRI 12 M) for plant growth promotion and salt stress amelioration in Zea mays. Results of the in vitro plant growth-promoting attribute revealed NBRI 12 M demonstrated the highest values at 1 M salt (NaCl) concentration. Furthermore, the greenhouse experiment using three Bacillus strains confirmed plant growth-promoting and salt stress-ameliorating ability, through colonizing successfully and mitigating the adverse effects of ethylene by modulating 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) accumulation, ACC-oxidase (ACO), and ACC-synthase (ACS) activities under salt stress. Bacillus sp. inoculation has also induced plant response for defense enzymes, chlorophyll, proline and soluble sugar under salt stress. Among three Bacillus strains, NBRI 12 M not only demonstrated higher values for plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes but also the same was observed in the greenhouse experiment. Thus, the outcomes of this comparative study represent for the first time that salt-tolerant Bacillus strains exhibiting multiple PGP attributes under salt stress along with high rhizosphere competence can alleviate salt stress by reducing the stress ethylene level in the host plant.
| S-EPMC7024073 | biostudies-literature