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Anisohydric sugar beet rapidly responds to light to optimize leaf water use efficiency utilizing numerous small stomata.

ABSTRACT: Under conditions of high transpiration and low soil water availability, the demand for water can exceed supply causing a reduction in water potential and a loss of cell turgor (wilting). Regulation of stomatal aperture mediates the loss of water vapour (g _s), which in turn is dependent in part on the anatomical characteristics of stomatal density (SD) and stomatal size (SS). Anisohydric sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is atypical, exhibiting wilting under high soil water availability. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) belongs to the same family Chenopodiaceae s.s., but demonstrates a more typical wilting response. To investigate the role of stomatal dynamics in such behaviours, sugar beet and spinach leaves were exposed to step-changes in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from 250 to 2500 µmol m^-2 s^-1. Using a four log-logistic function, the maximum rate of stomatal opening was estimated. Concurrent measurements of SD and SS were taken for both species. While sugar beet coupled faster opening with smaller, more numerous stomata, spinach showed the converse. After exposure to drought, maximum g _s was reduced in sugar beet but still achieved a similar speed of opening. It is concluded that sugar beet stomata respond rapidly to changes in PPFD with a high rate and magnitude of opening under both non-droughted and droughted conditions. Such a response may contribute to wilting, even under high soil water availability, but enables photosynthesis to be better coupled with increasing PPFD.

SUBMITTER: Barratt GE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7780706 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beet worldwide. This review discusses C. beticola genetics, genomics, and biology and summarizes our current understanding of the molecular interactions that occur between C. beticola and its sugar beet host. We highlight the known virulence arsenal of C. beticola as well as its ability to overcome currently used disease management strategies. Finally, we discuss future prospects for the study and management of C. beticola infections in the context of newly employed molecular tools to uncover additional information regarding the biology of this pathogen.TaxonomyCercospora beticola Sacc.; Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Dothideomycetes, Order Capnodiales, Family Mycosphaerellaceae, Genus Cercospora.Host rangeWell-known pathogen of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) and most species of the Beta genus. Reported as pathogenic on other members of the Chenopodiaceae (e.g., lamb's quarters, spinach) as well as members of the Acanthaceae (e.g., bear's breeches), Apiaceae (e.g., Apium), Asteraceae (e.g., chrysanthemum, lettuce, safflower), Brassicaceae (e.g., wild mustard), Malvaceae (e.g., Malva), Plumbaginaceae (e.g., Limonium), and Polygonaceae (e.g., broad-leaved dock) families.Disease symptomsLeaves infected with C. beticola exhibit circular lesions that are coloured tan to grey in the centre and are often delimited by tan-brown to reddish-purple rings. As disease progresses, spots can coalesce to form larger necrotic areas, causing severely infected leaves to wither and die. At the centre of these spots are black spore-bearing structures (pseudostromata). Older leaves often show symptoms first and younger leaves become infected as the disease progresses.ManagementApplication of a mixture of fungicides with different modes of action is currently performed although elevated resistance has been documented in most employed fungicide classes. Breeding for high-yielding cultivars with improved host resistance is an ongoing effort and prudent cultural practices, such as crop rotation, weed host management, and cultivation to reduce infested residue levels, are widely used to manage disease. USEFUL WEBSITE: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/11237?genome_assembly_id=352037.

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Anisohydric sugar beet rapidly responds to light to optimize leaf water use efficiency utilizing numerous small stomata.

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