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The complete chloroplast genome of Leptochilus hemionitideus, a traditional Chinese medical fern.

ABSTRACT: The complete chloroplast genome of Leptochilus hemionitideus was sequenced. Its length is 156,083?bp with 44.2% GC content. The genome exhibits typical quadripartite with two inverted repeat regions (24,594?bp, each) separated by a large single-copy (LSC, 81,403?bp) region and a small single-copy (SSC, 25,492?bp) region. It has 131 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 34 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and two pseudogenes. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that L. hemionitideus was closely related to Lepisorus clathratus. The complete chloroplast genome of L. hemionitideus would provide very valuable molecular information for further inferring the relationships of the microsoroid ferns.

SUBMITTER: Min Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7799545 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete chloroplast genome of Leptochilus hemionitideus, a traditional Chinese medical fern.

Min Yihui Y Guan Jingyi J Li Shufeng S Liu Shanshan S Hong Yongfeng Y Wang Zhen Z Wang Ting T Su Yingjuan Y

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20180713 2

The complete chloroplast genome of Leptochilus hemionitideus was sequenced. Its length is 156,083 bp with 44.2% GC content. The genome exhibits typical quadripartite with two inverted repeat regions (24,594 bp, each) separated by a large single-copy (LSC, 81,403 bp) region and a small single-copy (SSC, 25,492 bp) region. It has 131 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 34 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and two pseudogenes. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree indicated that L. hemion ...[more]

PMID: 33474322

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Ferns have generally been neglected in studies of chloroplast genomics. Before this study, only one polypod and two basal ferns had their complete chloroplast (cp) genome reported. Tree ferns represent an ancient fern lineage that first occurred in the Late Triassic. In recent phylogenetic analyses, tree ferns were shown to be the sister group of polypods, the most diverse group of living ferns. Availability of cp genome sequence from a tree fern will facilitate interpretation of the evolutionary changes of fern cp genomes. Here we have sequenced the complete cp genome of a scaly tree fern Alsophila spinulosa (Cyatheaceae). RESULTS: The Alsophila cp genome is 156,661 base pairs (bp) in size, and has a typical quadripartite structure with the large (LSC, 86,308 bp) and small single copy (SSC, 21,623 bp) regions separated by two copies of an inverted repeat (IRs, 24,365 bp each). This genome contains 117 different genes encoding 85 proteins, 4 rRNAs and 28 tRNAs. Pseudogenes of ycf66 and trnT-UGU are also detected in this genome. A unique trnR-UCG gene (derived from trnR-CCG) is found between rbcL and accD. The Alsophila cp genome shares some unusual characteristics with the previously sequenced cp genome of the polypod fern Adiantum capillus-veneris, including the absence of 5 tRNA genes that exist in most other cp genomes. The genome shows a high degree of synteny with that of Adiantum, but differs considerably from two basal ferns (Angiopteris evecta and Psilotum nudum). At one endpoint of an ancient inversion we detected a highly repeated 565-bp-region that is absent from the Adiantum cp genome. An additional minor inversion of the trnD-GUC, which is possibly shared by all ferns, was identified by comparison between the fern and other land plant cp genomes. CONCLUSION: By comparing four fern cp genome sequences it was confirmed that two major rearrangements distinguish higher leptosporangiate ferns from basal fern lineages. The Alsophila cp genome is very similar to that of the polypod fern Adiantum in terms of gene content, gene order and GC content. However, there exist some striking differences between them: the trnR-UCG gene represents a putative molecular apomorphy of tree ferns; and the repeats observed at one inversion endpoint may be a vestige of some unknown rearrangement(s). This work provided fresh insights into the fern cp genome evolution as well as useful data for future phylogenetic studies.

Dataset Information

The complete chloroplast genome of Leptochilus hemionitideus, a traditional Chinese medical fern.

Publications

The complete chloroplast genome of <i>Leptochilus hemionitideus</i>, a traditional Chinese medical fern.

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