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The complete chloroplast genome of Cnidium officinale Makino.

ABSTRACT: Cnidium officinale (Ligusticum officinale) is an important herbal medicine. To facilitate species identification, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of C. officinale using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 148,518?bp in length, comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 93,977?bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,607?bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 18,467?bp each. The genome contains 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 30 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. officinale is most closely related to L. tenuissium, with high bootstrap values.

SUBMITTER: Park I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7800684 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete chloroplast genome of Cnidium officinale Makino.

Park Inkyu I Yang Sungyu S Kim Wook Jin WJ Noh Pureum P Lee Hyun Oh HO Moon Byeong Cheol BC

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20180423 2

Cnidium officinale (Ligusticum officinale) is an important herbal medicine. To facilitate species identification, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of C. officinale using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 148,518 bp in length, comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 93,977 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,607 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 18,467 bp each. The genome contains 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding g ...[more]

PMID: 33474215

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Therapeutic effect of Cnidium officinale Makino extract on ovariectomized hind-limb ischemic mice.

Project description:Background:Cnidium officinale Makino (COM) has been used traditionally to treat female sexual disorders, such as amenorrhea, hypomenorrhea and oligomenorrhea, by improving blood circulation. Methods:The present study aimed to investigate the alleviating effect of COM extracts on surgical injury-induced ischemia in the hind-limb of mice. In this study, female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized, and the vessels of the hind-limb were excised after ligation by surgical silk (6-0). The mice were orally administered with COM (150 or 300 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks, and the blood flow rate of hind-limbs was evaluated by using a laser Doppler system after hind-limb ischemic surgery in an in vivo study. Additionally, the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated in an in vitro study. Results:The blood flow rate was synchronized to the nonischemic lesion of the hind-limb, and its elevation compared to the vehicle was observed at 14 and 21 days after hind-limb ischemic surgery in COM-treated groups. The number of capillaries increase in a dose-dependent manner in the COM-treated groups (150 and 300 mg/kg). In HUVECs, the activities of cell migration were significantly increased by 50 and 75 ?g/mL for the COM-treated groups. In addition, the number of tubule branches and junctions was also increased by doses of COM (50 and/or 75 ?g/mL). Conclusion:The results of our study suggested that the COM extract may have therapeutic application for the treatment of hind-limb ischemic damage, which is due to the improvement of the peripheral angiogenetic system.

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Data on recurrent somatic embryogenesis and in vitro micropropagation of Cnidium officinale Makino.

Project description:Cnidium officinale Makino, a perennial herb of the family Umbelliferae, is a well-known medicinal plant in oriental medicine with antidiabetic, tumor metastatic, antiplatelet, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. Hence, C. officinale does not produce seed the plant tissue culture is the viable alternative for its propagation. Node explant from in vitro grown C. officinale Makino was cultured on MS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGRs) like 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or/and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA). It was aimed to investigate the optimal concentration and combination of 2,4-D and BA for somatic embryogenesis in node explant of C. officinale Makino. The embryogenic callus was induced on node explant after four weeks in MS medium containing 1.5?mg?L-1 2,4-D and 0.5?mg?L-1 BA. The translucent white, embryogenic callus was subcultured on the respective medium and individual well-structured somatic embryos were observed. Heart and cotyledon stage embryos were pictured under a stereomicroscope. The individual somatic embryos (SE) were transferred to MS medium without PGRs (MS0) and 100% germination was observed. Repeated subculturing of the embryogenic callus for five months resulted in recurrent somatic embryogenesis but with a gradual decline in number.

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The complete chloroplast genome of Sedum tricarpum Makino. (Crassulaceae).

Project description:Sedum tricarpum Makino., is a perennial succulent herb, which was first discovered and established as a new species ten years ago. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of S. tricarpum. It shows a typical quadripartite structure with a total length of 149,349 bp, including the large single-copy region (LSC) of 81,644 bp, the small single-copy region (SSC) of 16,643 bp, and two separated inverted regions (IRs) of 25,531 bp, respectively. For the whole genome, there are a total of 131 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The overall GC content of the cp genome is 37.8%. A well-supported phylogenetic tree revealed monophyly formed by S. tricarpum and S. sarmentosum, suggesting a relatively closer phylogenetic relationship with the clade consisting of S. lineare and Graptopetalum amethystinum. The complete chloroplast genome of S. tricarpum provides valuable information for further phylogenetic reconstruction of the Crassulaceae family.

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Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Artemisia fukudo Makino (Asteraceae).

Project description:In this study, a complete chloroplast genome sequence of Artemisia fukudo (Asteraceae family) was characterized by de novo assembly using whole genome sequence data. The chloroplast genome was 151,011?bp in length, comprising a large single-copy region of 82,751?bp, a small single copy region of 18,348?bp and a pair of inverted repeats of 24,956?bp. The genome contained 80 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes and 30 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic tree revealed that A. fukudo was closely located in other Artemisia species, Artemisia montana and Artemisia frigida.

| S-EPMC7800284 | biostudies-literature

miR-211 Plays a Critical Role in Cnidium officinale Makino Extract-Induced, ROS/ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in U937 and U266 Cells.

Project description:Though Cnidium officinale Makino (COM) was known to have anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer effects, the underlying anticancer mechanism of COM using endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and miRNA remained unclear until now. Thus, in the current study, the inhibitory mechanism of COM in lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells was elucidated. COM exerted cytotoxicity in U937 and U266 but not Raw264.7 cells. COM treatment increased the expression of ER stress-related proteins such as p-protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), p-eukaryotic initiation factor (p-eIF2?), and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). COM also cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in a dose-dependent manner in both cells. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was elevated by COM treatment. Conversely, the apoptotic effect of COM treatment was blocked by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment. Also, the pro-survival miRNA, miR-211 was decreased by COM treatment in U937 and U266 cells. miR-211 mimic attenuated COM-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results support the scientific evidence that COM induces apoptosis via ROS generation/CHOP activation and miR-211 suppression in U937 and U266 cells.

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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of wild Japanese pepper Tubocapsicum anomalum Makino (Solanaceae).

Project description:As an important medicinal herb, no complete organelle molecular data has been reported for Tubocapsicum anomalum. In this study, the first complete chloroplast genome of Tubocapsicum anomalum Makino was sequenced and assembled. The genome is 155,802 bp in length and contained 124 encoded genes in total, including 75 protein-coding genes, 10 ribosomal RNA genes, and 39 transfer RNA genes. The phylogenomic analysis showed that Tubocapsicum anomalum was closely related to Withania somnifera according the current sampling extent.

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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg (Asteraceae).

Project description:Taraxacum officinale is a distributed weedy plant used as a traditional medicinal herb belonging to the family Asteraceae. The complete chloroplast genome of T. officinale was generated by de novo assembly with whole genome sequence data. The chloroplast genome was 151?324?bp in length, which consisted of a large single copy region of 83 895?bp and a short single copy region of 18?549?bp separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions of 24?440?bp. The chloroplast genome contained 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that T. officinale was closely related to Lactuca sativa.

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Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of medicinal plant Rheum officinale (Polygonaceae).

Project description:The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Rheum officinale Baill. was determined based on the Illumina Sequencing data. The cp genome is 161,563?bp in length. The overall G?+?C content of the cp genome was 37.31%. The R. officinale cp genome contains 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes (four rRNA species), and 37 tRNA genes (20 tRNA species). A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree clarified that the cp genome of R. officinale was closely related to that of R. palmatum in Polygonaceae.

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Analysis of the Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Cnidium officinale Extracts.

Project description:This study analyzed the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of Cnidiumofficinale (CO) extracts to confirm their antimicrobial activity toward oral microorganisms. The control group contained 0 ?g/mL of CO, and the experimental groups contained 50, 100, 150, and 200 ?g/mL of CO. To confirm the antibacterial activity of CO extracts against microorganisms in the oral cavity, an inhibition zone test, a colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis, an optical density (OD) evaluation, and a SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis were performed. A cytotoxicity test was also conducted to determine cell viability, and the contents of flavonoids and polyphenols were measured to analyze the extract components. In the control group, the growth inhibition zone increased, while the CFU and OD values decreased (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis confirmed that the number of microorganisms for both the microbes decreased. The cell viability was more than 80% in both the control and experimental groups, excluding the 200 ?g/mL sample. The flavonoid and polyphenol contents in the experimental groups showed higher values than those of the control group. Therefore, the CO extract showed considerable antimicrobial activity toward both Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, suggesting that it may be used as a natural antimicrobial agent for dental applications.

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Enhancement of Endometrial Receptivity by Cnidium officinale through Expressing LIF and Integrins.

Project description:Improvement of endometrial receptivity is necessary for successful embryo implantation, and its impairment is associated with female infertility. In this study, we investigated the effect of the roots of Cnidium officinale Makino (CoM) on endometrial receptivity in both in vitro and in vivo model of embryo implantation. We found that CoM enhanced the adhesion of JAr cells to Ishikawa cells by stimulating expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and integrins. In addition, blocking of LIFR using hLA or neutralization of integrins αV, β3, and β5 using antibodies significantly reduced the enhanced adhesion between JAr cell and CoM-treated Ishikawa cells, indicating that LIF and integrin play an important role in trophoblast-endometrium adhesion for embryo implantation. Furthermore, we identified that CoM significantly improved the implantation rate of blastocysts in the mouse model of RU-induced implantation failure. By collecting these results, here, we suggest that CoM has a therapeutic potential against female infertility associated with decreased endometrial receptivity.

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