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The Fraction of Rhinovirus Detections Attributable to Mild and Severe Respiratory Illness in a Setting of High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence, South Africa, 2013-2015.


ABSTRACT:

Background

The association of rhinovirus (RV) detection to illness is poorly understood.

Methods

We enrolled case patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness (SRI) at 2 hospitals and outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and asymptomatic individuals (controls) from 2 affiliated clinics during 2013-2015. We compared the RV prevalence among ILI and SRI cases to those of controls stratified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus using penalized logistic regression. The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated.

Results

During 2013-2015, RV was detected in 17.4% (368/2120), 26.8% (979/3654), and 23.0% (1003/4360) of controls, ILI cases, and SRI cases, respectively. The RV AF (95% confidence interval) was statistically significant among children aged <5 years (ILI: 44.6% [30.7%-55.7%] and SRI: 50.3% [38.6%-59.9%]; P < .001) and individuals aged ?5 years (ILI: 62.9% [54.4%-69.8%] and SRI: 51.3% [38.7%-61.3%]; P < .001) as well as among HIV-infected (ILI: 59.9% [45.8%-70.3%] and SRI: 39.8% [22.3%-53.3%]; P < .001) and HIV-uninfected (ILI: 53.6% [44.7%-61.1%] and SRI: 55.3% [45.6%-63.2%]; P < .001) individuals.

Conclusions

Although RV detection was common among controls, it was also associated with a substantial proportion of clinical illness across age groups, irrespective of HIV status.

SUBMITTER: Hellferscee O 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7804373 | biostudies-literature | 2019 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Fraction of Rhinovirus Detections Attributable to Mild and Severe Respiratory Illness in a Setting of High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence, South Africa, 2013-2015.

Hellferscee Orienka O   Treurnicht Florette K FK   Walaza Sibongile S   Du Plessis Mignon M   Von Gottberg Anne A   Wolter Nicole N   Moyes Jocelyn J   Dawood Halima H   Variava Ebrahim E   Pretorius Marthi M   Venter Marietjie M   Cohen Cheryl C   Tempia Stefano S  

The Journal of infectious diseases 20190501 11


<h4>Background</h4>The association of rhinovirus (RV) detection to illness is poorly understood.<h4>Methods</h4>We enrolled case patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness (SRI) at 2 hospitals and outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and asymptomatic individuals (controls) from 2 affiliated clinics during 2013-2015. We compared the RV prevalence among ILI and SRI cases to those of controls stratified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus using penalized logistic re  ...[more]

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