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Role of Multiomics Data to Understand Host-Pathogen Interactions in COVID-19 Pathogenesis.

ABSTRACT: Human infectious diseases are contributed equally by the host immune system's efficiency and any pathogens' infectivity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the coronavirus strain causing the respiratory pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2, one needs to unravel the intricacies of host immune response to the virus, the viral pathogen's mode of transmission, and alterations in specific biological pathways in the host allowing viral survival. This review critically analyzes recent research using high-throughput "omics" technologies (including proteomics and metabolomics) on various biospecimens that allow an increased understanding of the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. The altered biomolecule profile facilitates an understanding of altered biological pathways. Further, we have performed a meta-analysis of significantly altered biomolecular profiles in COVID-19 patients using bioinformatics tools. Our analysis deciphered alterations in the immune response, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism and other pathways that cumulatively result in COVID-19 disease, including symptoms such as hyperglycemic and hypoxic sequelae.

SUBMITTER: Aggarwal S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7805606 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of Multiomics Data to Understand Host-Pathogen Interactions in COVID-19 Pathogenesis.

Aggarwal Shalini S Acharjee Arup A Mukherjee Amrita A Baker Mark S MS Srivastava Sanjeeva S

Journal of proteome research 20210111 2

Human infectious diseases are contributed equally by the host immune system's efficiency and any pathogens' infectivity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the coronavirus strain causing the respiratory pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2, one needs to unravel the intricacies of host immune response to the virus, the viral pathogen's mode of transmission, and alterations in specific biological pathways in the hos ...[more]

PMID: 33426872

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Project description:Severe novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with a considerable activation of coagulation pathways, endothelial damage, and subsequent thrombotic microvascular injuries. These consistent observations may have serious implications for the treatment and management of this highly pathogenic disease. As a consequence, the anticoagulant therapeutic strategies, such as low molecular weight heparin, have shown some encouraging results. Cytokine burst leading to sepsis which is one of the primary reasons for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) drive that could be worsened with the accumulation of coagulation factors in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. However, the obscurity of this syndrome remains a hurdle in making decisive treatment choices. Therefore, an attempt to characterize shared biological mechanisms between ARDS and thrombosis using comprehensive transcriptomics meta-analysis is made. We conducted an integrated gene expression meta-analysis of two independently publicly available datasets of ARDS and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Datasets GSE76293 and GSE19151 derived from National Centre for Biotechnology Information-Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database were used for ARDS and VTE, respectively. Integrative meta-analysis of expression data (INMEX) tool preprocessed the datasets and effect size combination with random effect modeling was used for obtaining differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Network construction was done for hub genes and pathway enrichment analysis. Our meta-analysis identified a total of 1,878 significant DEGs among the datasets, which when subjected to enrichment analysis suggested inflammation-coagulation-hypoxemia convolutions in COVID-19 pathogenesis. The top hub genes of our study such as tumor protein 53 (TP53), lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B), DExH-box helicase 9 (DHX9), REL-associated protein (RELA), RING-box protein 1 (RBX1), and proteasome 20S subunit beta 2 (PSMB2) gave insights into the genes known to be participating in the host-virus interactions that could pave the way to understand the various strategies deployed by the virus to improve its replication and spreading.

Dataset Information

Role of Multiomics Data to Understand Host-Pathogen Interactions in COVID-19 Pathogenesis.

Publications

Role of Multiomics Data to Understand Host-Pathogen Interactions in COVID-19 Pathogenesis.

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