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Maternal stress during pregnancy alters fetal cortico-cerebellar connectivity in utero and increases child sleep problems after birth.

ABSTRACT: Child sleep disorders are increasingly prevalent and understanding early predictors of sleep problems, starting in utero, may meaningfully guide future prevention efforts. Here, we investigated whether prenatal exposure to maternal psychological stress is associated with increased sleep problems in toddlers. We also examined whether fetal brain connectivity has direct or indirect influence on this putative association. Pregnant women underwent fetal resting-state functional connectivity MRI and completed questionnaires on stress, worry, and negative affect. At 3-year follow-up, 64 mothers reported on child sleep problems, and in the subset that have reached 5-year follow-up, actigraphy data (N?=?25) has also been obtained. We observe that higher maternal prenatal stress is associated with increased toddler sleep concerns, with actigraphy sleep metrics, and with decreased fetal cerebellar-insular connectivity. Specific mediating effects were not identified for the fetal brain regions examined. The search for underlying mechanisms of the link between maternal prenatal stress and child sleep problems should be continued and extended to other brain areas.

SUBMITTER: van den Heuvel MI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7838320 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Maternal stress during pregnancy alters fetal cortico-cerebellar connectivity in utero and increases child sleep problems after birth.

van den Heuvel Marion I MI Hect Jasmine L JL Smarr Benjamin L BL Qawasmeh Tamara T Kriegsfeld Lance J LJ Barcelona Jeanne J Hijazi Kowsar E KE Thomason Moriah E ME

Scientific reports 20210126 1

Child sleep disorders are increasingly prevalent and understanding early predictors of sleep problems, starting in utero, may meaningfully guide future prevention efforts. Here, we investigated whether prenatal exposure to maternal psychological stress is associated with increased sleep problems in toddlers. We also examined whether fetal brain connectivity has direct or indirect influence on this putative association. Pregnant women underwent fetal resting-state functional connectivity MRI and ...[more]

PMID: 33500446

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Project description:The robust, reciprocal anatomical connections between the cerebellum and contralateral sensorimotor cerebral hemisphere underscores the strong physiological interdependence between these two regions in relation to human behavior. Previous studies have shown that damage to sensorimotor cortex can result in a lasting reduction of cerebellar metabolism, the magnitude of which has been linked to poor rehabilitative outcomes. A better understanding of movement-related cerebellar physiology as well as cortico-cerebellar coherence (CCC) in the chronic, post-stroke state may be key to developing novel neuromodulatory techniques that promote upper limb motor rehabilitation. As a part of the first in-human phase-I trial investigating the effects of deep brain stimulation of the cerebellar dentate nucleus (DN) on chronic, post-stroke motor rehabilitation, we collected invasive recordings from DN and scalp EEG in subjects (both sexes) with middle cerebral artery stroke during a visuo-motor tracking task. We investigated the excitability of ipsilesional cortex, DN and the their interaction as a function of motor impairment and performance. Our results indicate that 1) event-related oscillations in the ipsilesional cortex and DN were significantly correlated at movement onset in the low-β band, with moderately and severely impaired subjects showing desynchronization and synchronization, respectively. 2) Significant CCC was observed during isometric 'hold' period in the low-β band, which was critical for maintaining task accuracy. Our findings support a strong coupling between ipsilesional cortex and DN in the low-β band during motor control across all impairment levels which encourages the exploitation of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway as a neuromodulation target to promote rehabilitation.Significance Statement:Cerebral infarct due to stroke can lead to lasting reduction in cerebellar metabolism resulting in poor rehabilitative outcomes. Thorough investigation of the cerebellar electrophysiology as well as cortico-cerebellar connectivity in humans that could provide key insights to facilitate development of novel neuromodulatory technologies, has been lacking. As a part of the first in-human phase-I trial investigating deep brain stimulation of the cerebellar dentate nucleus (DN) for chronic, post-stroke motor rehabilitation, we collected invasive recordings from DN and scalp EEG while stroke patients performed a motor task. Our data indicate strong coupling between ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex and DN in the low-β band across all impairment levels encouraging the exploration of electrical stimulation of the DN.

Dataset Information

Maternal stress during pregnancy alters fetal cortico-cerebellar connectivity in utero and increases child sleep problems after birth.

Publications

Maternal stress during pregnancy alters fetal cortico-cerebellar connectivity in utero and increases child sleep problems after birth.

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