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Serum cytokine profiles in healthy nonhuman primates are blunted by sedation and demonstrate sexual dimorphism as detected by a validated multiplex immunoassay.

ABSTRACT: Cytokine profiling is a valuable tool for monitoring immune responses associated with disease and treatment. This study assessed the impact of sex and sedation on serum cytokines in healthy nonhuman primates (NHPs). Twenty-three cytokines were measured from serum using a bead-based multiplex assay. Assay validation for precision, sensitivity, recovery, linearity, and stability was performed. Samples from male and female cynomolgus and rhesus macaques either cooperating or sedated were compared. All cytokines except TNF? demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and precision, with variable recovery and linearity. IFN?, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12/23 (p40), IL-13, IL-15, MCP-1, TGF?, VEGF met acceptance criteria; G-CSF, IL-4, IL-10, MIP1?, sCD40L were marginal. Higher cytokine levels were observed in females and cytokine levels were blunted in sedated NHPs when compared to awake cooperating NHPs. Significant differences observed in cytokines related to sex, species, or imposed by handling highlight the importance of model design on translational relevance for clinical settings.

SUBMITTER: Hocum Stone L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7840937 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Serum cytokine profiles in healthy nonhuman primates are blunted by sedation and demonstrate sexual dimorphism as detected by a validated multiplex immunoassay.

Hocum Stone Laura L Oppler Scott Hunter SH Nugent Julia L JL Gresch Sarah S Hering Bernhard J BJ Murtaugh Michael P MP Hegstad-Davies Rebecca L RL Ramachandran Sabarinathan S Graham Melanie L ML

Scientific reports 20210127 1

Cytokine profiling is a valuable tool for monitoring immune responses associated with disease and treatment. This study assessed the impact of sex and sedation on serum cytokines in healthy nonhuman primates (NHPs). Twenty-three cytokines were measured from serum using a bead-based multiplex assay. Assay validation for precision, sensitivity, recovery, linearity, and stability was performed. Samples from male and female cynomolgus and rhesus macaques either cooperating or sedated were compared. ...[more]

PMID: 33504894

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Project description:BackgroundIn terms of structure and function, the skull is one of the most complicated organs in the body. It is also one of the most important parts in terms of developmental and evolutionary origins. This complexity makes it difficult to obtain evolutionary assessments if, as is usually the case with fossils, only part of the skull is available. For this reason this study involves a set of comparisons whereby the smallest functional units are studied first, and these built up, through a triple-nested hierarchical design, into more complex anatomical regions and eventually into the skull-as-a-whole. This design has been applied to macaques (Macaca) in order to reveal patterns of variation at the different levels. The profiles of such variation have been obtained both within and between species. This has lead to a search for the skull parts that have undergone similar selection pressures during evolution and comparable development patterns in both ontogeny and phylogeny.ResultsMorphometric analysis (Principal Components) was used to obtain these profiles of species and sex separations based on 77 cranial variables from 11 species of macaques. The results showed that 7 functional units could be aggregated into three functionally reasonable anatomical regions on the basis of similarities in profiles. These were: the masticatory apparatus containing mandible, lower teeth and upper teeth, the face as a whole combining maxilla (actually lower face) and upper face, and the cranium as a whole involving cranium and calvaria. Twenty-six variables were finally selected for analyzing the morphology of the whole skull. This last showed an overall profile similar to that revealed in the masticatory apparatus but also contained additional information pertaining to individual species and species-groups separations.ConclusionsThe study provides a model for carrying out analysis of species separations and sex variation simultaneously. Through this design it seems possible to see cranio-dental elements that may result from similar developmental processes, have similar functional adaptations, and show an appropriately integrated structure morphologically. This study also implies that the biological information drawn from part of skull alone, e.g. as in studies of incomplete fossils may provide misleading information.

Dataset Information

Serum cytokine profiles in healthy nonhuman primates are blunted by sedation and demonstrate sexual dimorphism as detected by a validated multiplex immunoassay.

Publications

Serum cytokine profiles in healthy nonhuman primates are blunted by sedation and demonstrate sexual dimorphism as detected by a validated multiplex immunoassay.

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