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Case Report: Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of an Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma Post Immunotherapy.


ABSTRACT: Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been of great interest in investigation of glioma treatments. Here, we report single-cell transcriptomic analyses of two tumor areas from an oligodendroglioma taken from a patient who had multiple tumor recurrences, following several chemotherapies and radiation treatments. The patient subsequently received nivolumab and was considered have disease progression based on conventional diagnostic imaging after two cycles of treatment. He underwent a debulking surgical resection and pathological diagnosis was recurrent disease. During the surgery, tumor tissues were also collected from the enhancing and non-enhancing areas for a scRNAseq analysis to investigate the tumor microenvironment of these radiographically divergent areas. The scRNAseq analysis reveals a plethora of immune cells, suggesting that the increased mass observed on MRI may be partially a result of immune cell infiltration. The patient continued to receive immunotherapy after a short course of palliative radiation and remained free of disease progression for at least 12 months after the last surgery, suggesting a sustained response to immunotherapy. The scRNAseq analysis indicated that the radiological progression was in large part due to immune cell infiltrate and continued immunotherapy led to a positive clinical outcome in a patient who would have otherwise been admitted to hospice care with halting of immunotherapy. Our study demonstrates the potential of scRNAseq analyses in understanding the tumor microenvironment, which may assist the clinical decision-making process for challenging glioma cases following immunotherapy.

SUBMITTER: Yu G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7841290 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Probiotic applications for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) II. Effects on growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal microbiota and related health criteria postantibiotic treatment

MERRIFIELD D L DL   Bradley G G   BAKER R T M RTM   DAVIES S J SJ  

Aquaculture nutrition. 20101001 5


The effect of dietary probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Enterococcus faecium) was assessed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) previously treated with oxolinic acid. After feeding on supplemented diets for 10 weeks growth performance, feed utilization, gastrointestinal colonization and health status were assessed. B. subtilis + B. licheniformis fed fish displayed a significant improvement of feed conversation ration (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein  ...[more]