Dataset Information

The Malmo Offspring Study (MOS): design, methods and first results.

ABSTRACT: As cardio metabolic disease manifestations tend to cluster in families there is a need to better understand the underlying mechanisms in order to further develop preventive strategies. In fact, genetic markers used in genetic risk scores, important as they are, will not be able alone to explain these family clusters. Therefore, the search goes on for the so called missing heritability to better explain these associations. Shared lifestyle and social conditions in families, but also early life influences may be of importance. Gene-environmental interactions should be explored. In recent years interest has grown for the role of diet-microbiota associations, as microbiota patterns may be shared by family members. In the Malmö Offspring Study that started in 2013, we have so far been able to examine about 4700 subjects (18-71 years) representing children and grandchildren of index subjects from the first generation, examined in the Malmö Diet Cancer Study during 1991 to 1996. This will provide rich data and opportunities to analyse family traits of chronic disease across three generations. We will provide extensive genotyping and phenotyping including cardiovascular and respiratory function, as well as markers of glucose metabolism. In addition, also cognitive function will be assessed. A 4-day online dietary recall will be conducted and gut as well as oral microbiota analysed. The ambition is to provide one of the first large-scale European family studies with individual data across three generations, which could deepen our knowledge about the role of family traits for chronic disease and its underlying mechanisms.

SUBMITTER: Brunkwall L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7847466 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Malmö Offspring Study (MOS): design, methods and first results.

Brunkwall Louise L Jönsson Daniel D Ericson Ulrika U Hellstrand Sophie S Kennbäck Cecilia C Östling Gerd G Jujic Amra A Melander Olle O Engström Gunnar G Nilsson Jan J Ohlsson Bodil B Klinge Björn B Orho-Melander Marju M Persson Margaretha M Nilsson Peter M PM

European journal of epidemiology 20201121 1

As cardio metabolic disease manifestations tend to cluster in families there is a need to better understand the underlying mechanisms in order to further develop preventive strategies. In fact, genetic markers used in genetic risk scores, important as they are, will not be able alone to explain these family clusters. Therefore, the search goes on for the so called missing heritability to better explain these associations. Shared lifestyle and social conditions in families, but also early life in ...[more]

PMID: 33222051

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Project description:BackgroundDiet is a determinant of gut microbiota. Both diet and gut microbiota have been linked to metabolic diseases.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine data-driven food patterns in relation to the prevalence of prediabetes and gut microbiota composition and food pattern-associated bacteria in relation to prediabetes.MethodsFood patterns were extracted using principal component analysis in 1726 individuals (aged 18-71 y, 55% women, mean BMI = 25.5 kg/m2) without diabetes from the population-based Malmö Offspring Study. The gut (fecal) microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 region). Prediabetes classification was based on fasting glucose ≥6.0 mmol/L and/or glycated hemoglobin ≥42 mmol/L at baseline and/or type 2 diabetes diagnosis during follow-up (0-3.8 y). Logistic regression was used to investigate cross-sectional associations with prediabetes, and the general linear model to examine associations between food patterns and bacterial genera.ResultsTwo food patterns, the Health-conscious and the Sugar and High-Fat Dairy patterns, were identified. Adherence to the Health-conscious pattern was associated with a lower prevalence of prediabetes (OR comparing highest quintile with lowest: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.92; P-trend = 0.03) and with the abundance of several gut bacterial genera, of which the most robust findings were with a higher abundance of Roseburia and Lachnospira and with a lower abundance of Eubacterium. Roseburia was also associated with a lower prevalence of prediabetes (OR comparing highest quintile with lowest: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.92; P-trend = 0.01) and the association between the Health-conscious pattern and prediabetes was attenuated after adjustment for abundance of Roseburia and BMI. Adherence to the Sugar and High-Fat Dairy pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes in women (P-trend across food pattern quintiles = 0.03).ConclusionsIn this Swedish population-based study, a Health-conscious food pattern showed an inverse association with the prevalence of prediabetes. Potential underlying explanations may involve links between healthy diet and BMI, as well as gut microbiota, especially a higher abundance of Roseburia.

Project description:BackgroundIn order to tackle the deficits in the provision of palliative home care, profound structural changes in the outpatient sector were introduced by law in Germany in 2007. The EPACS study was carried out (Research Accompanying the Establishment of Hospice and Palliative Care Services in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany) to document the quality of inpatient and outpatient end-of-life care in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, before the implementation of these changes. With this article we focus on the study design and methods of the EPACS-Study. We further report first results regarding several aspects of outpatient end-of-life care.MethodsThe cross-sectional survey was based on a random sample of 5000 inhabitants of Rhineland-Palatinate that had died from May 25 until August 24 of the year 2008. Relatives of these randomly drawn deceased persons were interviewed by means of a written survey.ResultsThe overall response proportion considering only those questionnaires that actually were delivered (n = 3833) was 36.0%. Factors influencing participation were age, sex, and marital status. 355 (25.8%) deceased persons had used professional home care in the four weeks prior to their death, but only very few persons had used a specialised palliative home care service (n = 30; 8.5%). There was a clear gap between the need for specialised outpatient care and the actual utilisation of these services.ConclusionsSatisfaction with professional home care was relatively high, but physicians were rated less favourable than nurses. There were deficits especially with respect to physicians' communicative and supportive skills. Further analyses are necessary to provide more detailed information about quality of care in different care settings and for distinct groups. Predictors of good care, as well as obstacles to it, must be further investigated. In the long run, a follow-up survey must be conducted to compare quality of home care before and after the structural changes in Germany.

Dataset Information

The Malmo Offspring Study (MOS): design, methods and first results.

Publications

The Malmö Offspring Study (MOS): design, methods and first results.

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