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Physicochemical and phytochemical properties of foam mat dried passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) powder and comparison with fruit pulp.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to develop purple passion fruit powder using the foam mat dried process. The possible effect of whipping time, methylcellulose concentration, and drying temperature on physicochemical and phytochemical properties of foam mat dried passion fruit was evaluated and compared with fruit pulp. The drying process was optimized using central composite design and optimum conditions were whipping time 2.78 min, methylcellulose 2.58%, temperature 44.05 °C. At the optimum condition vitamin C, total phenolic compound and hygroscopicity were 34.67 mg/100 g, 258.12 mg GAE/100 g, and 21.12%, respectively. The artificial neural network was applied to predict experimental outcomes. The phytochemical properties in terms of (±)-α tocopherol, D-α-tocotrienol, β-carotene, and phenolic acid were determined using RP-HPLC. The foam mate dried powder contained a higher amount of β-carotene (13.26 mg/100 g), total phenolic compound (258.12 mg/100 g) and phenolic acids than fruit pulp whereas fruit pulp was contented higher amount of (±)-α tocopherol (171.1 mg/100 g) and D-α-tocotrienol (27.19 mg/100 g). The study manifested foam mate drying as an effective way to develop passion fruit powder.

SUBMITTER: Samyor D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7847913 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Purple passion fruit, Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis, is an important semi-perennial, fruit bearing vine originating in South America that produces a commercial tropical juice pulp for international and national consumption. Within the round purple passion fruit are a large number of membranous seed sacs each containing individual seeds. Little is known about the seed anatomy of the commercial passion fruit, differences between wild collected and commercial types, and its effect on seedling germination. Therefore, our main objective for this study was to analyze the seed anatomy variability of different germplasm as well as the effect on viability and germination of the seeds of this species. Germplasm was evaluated from three sources: (1) commercial cultivars grown in current production areas, (2) genebank accession from the national seed bank, and (3) landraces collected across different high and mid-elevation sites of the Andean region. A total of 12 morphometric descriptors related to seed anatomy were evaluated on the 56 genotypes, of which three were most informative: Angle to the vertex which is related to the shape of the seed, the thickness of the tegument and the horizontal length; separating the seed according to its source of origin. Germination was found to be positively correlated with the number (r = 0.789) and depth (r = 0.854) of seed pitting. Seeds of the commercial cultivars had more seed pits and higher germination compared to seeds of landraces or genebank accessions showing a possible effect of domestication on the crop. Interestingly, passion fruits often germinate during the rainy season as escaped or wild seedlings especially in the disturbed landscapes of coffee plantations, so some dormancy is needed but faster germination is needed for intensive cultivation. Harnessing passion fruit diversity would be useful as the semi-domesticated landraces have valuable adaptation characteristics to combine with rapid germination selected in the commercial cultivars. The variability of seed pitting with cultivars more pitted than landraces possibly resulting in faster germination may indicate that purple passion fruit is still undergoing a process of selection and domestication for this trait.

Project description:BackgroundPassion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is an important horticultural crop in the tropics and subtropics, where it has great commercial potential due to high demand for fresh edible fruits and processed juice as well as source of raw materials in cosmetic industries. Genetic engineering shows great potential in passion fruit improvement and can compensate for the limitations of conventional breeding. Despite the success achieved in genetic modification of few passion fruit varieties, transgenic passion fruit production is still difficult for farmer-preferred cultivars. Therefore, it is important to establish a simple and fast Agrobacterium-mediated cell transformation of commercial hybrid passion fruit KPF4 (Passiflora edulis f. edulis × Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa).ResultsIn the present study, we have developed a simple and fast Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for hybrid passion fruit KPF4 using leaf disc explants. Factors affecting the rate of transient beta (β)-glucuronidase (gusA) expression and consequently transformation efficiency were optimized as follows: Agrobacterium cell density with an OD600 of 0.5, 30 min infection time, 3 days of co-cultivation duration and the incorporation of 200 µM acetosyringone into Agrobacterium infection suspension medium. Using the optimized conditions, transgenic plants of KPF4 were produced within 2 months with an average transformation efficiency of 0.67%. The β-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical staining confirmed the expression and integration of an intron-containing gusA gene into transformed leaf discs and transgenic plant lines of KPF4. The presence of gusA gene in the transgenic plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results confirmed that the gusA gene was efficiently integrated into the passion fruit genome.ConclusionsThe developed transformation protocol is simple and rapid and could be useful for functional genomic studies and transferring agronomically important traits into passion fruit hybrid KPF4. This study developed a method that can be used to transfer traits such as resistance to viral diseases, low fruit quality and short storage life. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on genetic transformation system for commercial passion fruit hybrid KPF4.

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Physicochemical and phytochemical properties of foam mat dried passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) powder and comparison with fruit pulp.

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